土壤微生物在法庭科学领域中的应用研究进展

Research progress of soil microbes application in forensic science

摘要:

土壤物证在法庭科学领域的应用由来已久，主要是基于其外观、颜色、元素组成、矿物学等理化特性及土壤夹杂物等的比对检验。近年来，随着高通量测序技术的发展，法医土壤微生物检验不再完全依赖于传统培养技术，而是直接挖掘分析土壤中的全部微生物DNA信息，并将这些信息应用于法庭科学领域内的样本比对、土壤物证区域环境推断和溯源研究等，从而凸显出土壤微生物物证在案件侦查和法庭诉讼方面的巨大价值和应用潜力。本文通过综述国内外有关法医土壤微生物研究的最新进展，指出了土壤微生物多样性检验在法庭科学领域的应用潜力，分析了法医土壤微生物群落多样性的影响因素，最后探讨了法医土壤微生物研究中存在的问题和未来的发展方向。

Abstract:

Soil-related evidence has been used for decades in forensic science. Forensic soil comparison test is mainly based on its physical and chemical properties, such as soil appearance, color, elemental composition, mineralogical properties and soil inclusions. Recently, with the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, independent of the traditional culture techniques, microbial communities could be directly tested and analyzed through all its DNA information in the soil. Then we use this information for sample comparison or source speculation in mock or real case. This highlights the great value and potential application of soil microbial evidence in case investigation and justice. This review summarizes the recent domestic and foreign research progress in forensic soil microbes, points out the potential applications for soil microbial diversity test in the field of forensic science, analyzes the influencing factors of soil microbial community diversity, and finally discusses the existing problems and future development direction of forensic soil microbiology.