纳米酶的抗菌作用及其机制研究进展

Antibacterial applications of nano-enzymes

摘要:

抗生素类药物的发现和使用给人类提供了抗击细菌感染的强大武器。但是，抗生素长期使用导致的细菌耐药问题限制了其在临床上的应用。开发新型的基于纳米酶（Nano-Enzyme）的新型抗菌剂为解决上述问题提供了新思路。将纳米酶可以归为两大类：一类是酶和纳米材料的复合材料；另一类是纳米材料本身具有类酶活性。因为银（Ag）纳米粒子是历史最悠久且研究最广泛的纳米抗菌剂，而且其抗菌机制多样化，因此将Ag纳米粒子的抗菌机制和最新进展单独论述。纳米抗菌剂可以组合多种抗菌机制协同抗菌，从而提高其抗菌性能。因此，在这篇综述中系统介绍了Ag纳米粒子和上述2种类型纳米抗菌剂的最新研究进展和抗菌机制，重点介绍了纳米材料的物理性质对抗菌活性和生物安全性的影响。最后，该综述还强调了该领域目前面临的问题和挑战，并对该领域的发展前景进行了展望。

Abstract:

The discovery and use of antibiotics provide us a powerful weapon against bacterial infection. However, the long-term use of antibiotics leads to bacterial resistance and limits their clinical applications. Fortunately, the rapid development of nanotechnology provides new ways to solve the problem. In this review, nano-enzymes were classified into two types:one is "the composites of enzyme and nanomaterial", another is "the nanomaterials possessing enzyme-mimic activities-named as nanozymes". To the best of our knowledge, Ag nanoparticles have been widely studied as nano-antibacterial agents and their antibacterial mechanisms are diverse. Therefore, the antibacterial mechanism and the latest progress of Ag nanoparticles as nano antibacterial agents are discussed. Compared to natural enzymes, the nanozyme-based antibacterial agent can integrate more than one strategy to yield synergistic effects and thus increase their bacterial killing efficacies. Therefore, in this review, we focus on recent progress in the design and mechanism of nanozyme-based antibacterial agents including the Ag nanoparticles, composites of enzymes and nanomaterials and nanoparticles possess enzyme mimic activities (nanozymes). Finally, the current challenges and an outlook for the development of more effective and safer antibacterial nano-enzymes are also included.