亚硝酸盐氧化细菌的生态位以及对海洋环境变化的响应机制

The niche of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and its response mechanism to marine environmental changes

摘要:

硝酸盐是海洋微生物可利用氮的主要形式，也是限制表层海洋生物生产力的主要营养物质，海洋中的硝酸盐主要由氨和亚硝酸盐的氧化产生。探索亚硝酸盐氧化细菌在海洋生态系统中的生态位以及对环境变化的响应机制，对认识微生物参与的氮循环具有十分重要的意义。本文综述了海洋亚硝酸盐氧化细菌的研究进程及其主要种类，并总结了其主要的生理生态学特征，指出微生物在海洋生态系统变迁中所衍生出的适应对策。基于当前的研究现状，展望亚硝酸盐氧化细菌未来的研究方向，以期更好地了解海洋中亚硝酸盐的氧化过程，为进一步认识氮在生物地球化学中的循环奠定基础。

Abstract:

Nitrate is the main form of nitrogen available to marine microorganisms, and it is also the main limiting factor of nutrients on the production of surface marine organisms. In the ocean, ammonia and nitrite are oxidized to form nitrate. Exploring the niche of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in the marine ecosystem and its response mechanism to marine environmental changes is of great significance to understanding the nitrogen cycle in which microorganisms participate. Here, key bacterial species and their research progress in marine nitrite oxidation are reviewed. The physiological and ecological characteristics of NOB are summarized, and its adaptive strategies in the marine ecosystem are highlighted. Simultaneously, prospective research direction of NOB is elucidated to understand the oxidation process of nitrite in the ocean and the nitrogen cycle in biogeochemistry.