贝类中人源诺如病毒污染净化技术研究进展

Research progress on elimination technologies of human norovirus contamination in shellfish

摘要:

人源诺如病毒是全球引起人急性胃肠炎的食源性病原体之一。牡蛎、贻贝等贝类消化腺组织中含有诺如病毒受体类似物，可从污染水体中富集高浓度病毒，因此，生食或食用加工不当的受污染贝类极易造成诺如病毒感染。污染贝类的净化处理技术已成为诺如病毒防控领域中的研究热点，例如消杀试剂、臭氧处理工艺、新型非热消杀技术以及最近报道的具有抗病毒作用的益生菌等。诺如病毒活性检测对确定贝类中的病毒污染水平和评价消杀技术效果有重要作用，只有完整和具有感染力的病毒才会对人体健康造成威胁。因此，本文在前期工作基础上，进一步对诺如病毒活性鉴定方法、贝类产品消杀技术以及贝类养殖净化工艺等研究进展进行综述，以期为完善食源性病毒防控技术提供参考。

Abstract:

Human norovirus is one of foodborne pathogens that causes acute gastroenteritis in human beings around the world. The digestive glands of oysters, mussel and other shellfish have the norovirus receptor analogue, which can accumulate high concentration of virus from the contaminated water. Eating raw or improperly processed shellfish which are contaminated become a major reason for the norovirus infection. The elimination technologies of contaminated shellfish have become a research hotspot in the field of norovirus prevention and control, including the methods of disinfectant, ozone processing, ultraviolet radiation, and probiotics with antiviral effect that recently reported. Infectivity detection of norovirus plays an important role in determining the level of virus contamination in shellfish and evaluating the efficacy of elimination technology. Only complete, infectious virus would threaten human health. In this study, the current researches on detection of norovirus infectivity, product disinfection technology, and elimination technology of shellfish culturing are reviewed, hoping to provide a reference for improving the control technology of foodborne virus.