有机磷酸酯阻燃剂/增塑剂的生物降解及其机制研究进展

Research progress on biodegradation process and mechanism of organophosphate esters flame retardants/plasticizers

摘要:

有机磷酸酯（Organophosphate Esters，OPEs）阻燃剂/塑化剂对人类有潜在的健康风险并且广泛分布在各种环境介质中，为应对OPEs带来的挑战，绿色、高效的生物降解方式成为了当前的研究热点。文章目的是叙述目前已知的OPEs的生物降解过程及机制，主要围绕TBP、TPHP这2种热点OPEs来描述生物降解途径及其中间产物。综合来看，生物降解OPEs的主要途径是通过水解作用、羟基化作用或者甲氧基化作用来实现的，在降解过程中细胞色素P450起关键作用，最终多数降解菌能够将OPEs矿化为无机磷酸盐及其他小分子化合物，能够实现对环境的无害化。

关键词:有机磷酸酯;生物降解;降解途径;降解机制

Abstract:

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) flame retardants/plasticizers have potential adverse effects on human health and are widely detected in various environmental media. To effectively control the pollution of OPEs, green and efficient biodegradation methods have become the research hotspot. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the biodegradation process and mechanism of OPEs, mainly focusing on the biodegradation pathways and intermediate products of TBP and TPHP. In general, hydrolysis, hydroxylation, and methoxylation are the major biodegradation pathways of OPEs. Cytochrome P450 plays a key role in the process of degradation. Most of the degradation bacteria can mineralize OPEs into inorganic phosphates and other small molecular compounds which are harmless to the environment.

Key words:organophosphate esters;biodegradation;degradation pathway;degradation mechanism