重庆市北碚区宠物源沙门氏菌耐药性监测及ESBL和PMQR基因检测

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and detection of ESBL and PMQR genes in pet-associated Salmonella in Beibei District, Chongqing

摘要:

[背景] 沙门氏菌是一种常见的人兽共患病病原菌。随着饲养宠物的人越来越多，宠物肠道内沙门氏菌对公共卫生的威胁逐渐显现，但鲜见宠物携带沙门氏菌的流行病学及宠物源沙门氏菌耐药性的报道。[目的] 了解重庆市北碚区宠物源沙门氏菌的流行情况，以及其对常用抗菌药物的敏感性及超广谱β-内酰胺酶（Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases，ESBL）基因和质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药（Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance，PMQR）基因的携带情况。[方法] 共采集北碚区宠物粪便样品1 038份，通过样品前增菌、选择性增菌、选择性平板筛选和PCR鉴定沙门氏菌特异性invA基因分离鉴定沙门氏菌；接着测定了分离菌株对28种抗菌药物的敏感性，检测了10种ESBL基因和10种PMQR基因。[结果] 共分离到沙门氏菌41株，分离率为3.95%。这些菌株对磺胺异噁唑、氨苄西林、四环素、多西环素的耐药率都超过50%，而且82.92%为多重耐药菌株，对阿米卡星、氧氟沙星、依诺沙星、加替沙星完全敏感；85.37%的分离菌携带ESBL基因，以bla_TEM基因最为流行；46.34%携带PMQR基因，以qnrS最为流行；48.57%的ESBL阳性菌株携带至少一种PMQR基因。[结论] 北碚区宠物体内的沙门氏菌对一些抗菌药物存在不同程度的耐药性，而且耐药性可能是通过耐药质粒介导的。

Abstract:

[Background] Salmonella is a common zoonotic pathogen. With the increasing number of pet owners, the threat of Salmonella in pet intestines to public health is gradually emerging, but there are few reports on the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of pet-associated Salmonella.[Objective] To investigate the epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobials and the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) gene and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes of Salmonella isolated from pets in Beibei District, Chongqing. [Methods] Salmonella was isolated and identified by pre-enrichment, selective enrichment, selective plate screening and amplifying invA gene through PCR. Then, the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates to 28 antimicrobials was determined, and 10 ESBL genes and 10 PMQR genes were detected. [Results] A total of 41 Salmonella strains were isolated, the isolation rate was 3.95%. The resistance rates of these strains to sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, tetracycline, doxycycline were more than 50%, 82.92% of them were multi-drug resistant, and all of isolates were completely sensitive to amikacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin and gatifloxacin. 85.37% of the isolates carried ESBL gene and the bla_TEM gene was the most popular. 46.34% of the isolates had PMQR genes and qnrS was the most popular one. 48.57% of ESBL positive strains carried at least one PMQR gene. [Conclusion] The above results demonstrated that pet-associated Salmonella in Beibei District were resistant to a variety of antimicrobials, and the drug resistance may be mediated by drug-resistant plasmids.