微生物发酵中草药的研究现状

Research status of microbial fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine

摘要:

中草药作为天然传统药物，具有纯天然、无药残、无抗药性和毒副作用小等特点，在临床医疗和日常保健中被广泛使用。微生物发酵中草药过程中，中草药经微生物产生的酶作用后，细胞壁中的纤维素、木质素等物质被降解，其活性成分得以释放；中草药活性成分酶解为小分子物质，增强药效以利于机体消化吸收。部分中草药经发酵可以降低其毒性，减少毒副作用，甚至产生新活性物质。同时中草药中的某些成分可促进微生物的生长繁殖，由此可见中草药与微生物协同作用、相辅相成。本文从发酵中草药的优势、常用微生物、应用现状、存在的问题和关键因素等方面进行综述，并对中草药发酵的应用前景进行展望。相信随着发酵技术的成熟和中草药的现代化发展，微生物发酵中草药将具有更广阔的发展潜力和应用价值。

Abstract:

As a natural traditional medicine, Chinese herbal medicine is widely used in clinical medicine and daily health care because of its characteristics of pure nature, no drug residue and resistance, and little toxic and side effects. In the process of microbial fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine, the cellulose and lignin other substances in the cell-wall are degraded by enzymes produced by microorganisms, and the active components are released; The active components of Chinese herbal medicine are enzymolyzed into substances with small molecular, which could enhance the efficacy and be conducive to digestion and absorption of the body. After fermentation, some Chinese herbal medicines could reduce the toxicity and side effects and even produce new active substances. Meanwhile, some ingredients in Chinese herbs can promote the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. It can be seen that Chinese herbal medicine and microorganism have synergistic effect and complement each other. In this paper, the advantages, common microorganisms, application status, existing problems and key factors of fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine were reviewed, and the application prospect of fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine was prospected. It is believed that with the maturity of fermentation technology and the modern development of Chinese herbal medicine, the microbial fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine will have a broader development potential and application value in the future.