细菌生物被膜分散及分子调控机制研究进展

Bacterial biofilm dispersion and molecular regulation mechanism: a review

摘要:

生物被膜分散(biofilm dispersal)是生物被膜发展后期细菌响应营养物、低浓度的一氧化氮、D-氨基酸、自诱导肽(Autoinducing Peptide，AIP)、酰基高丝氨酸内酯(Acyl Homoserine Lactones，AHL)、腺苷三磷酸(Adenosine Triphosphate，ATP)等信号变化而做出的一种程序性反应，有利于细菌从恶劣的生物被膜内部环境中脱离出来寻找新的定殖位点。此外，由生物被膜引起的细菌短暂的抗生素耐受性在分散过程中会恢复正常水平，这有助于治疗由致病菌引起的难治愈的生物被膜相关疾病。目前生物被膜分散的相关研究正处于起步阶段，本文希望通过综述生物被膜分散现象、信号分子及调控机制，可以更好地了解细菌生物被膜分散对于防控病原微生物和应用有益微生物的重要意义。

Abstract:

Biofilm dispersal is a programmed response of bacteria in the late development of biofilm to signal changes such as nutrients, low concentration of nitric oxide, D-amino acid, autoinducing peptide (AIP), acyl homoserine lactone (AHL), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is conducive to the bacteria to break away from the harsh internal environment of biofilm to find new colonization sites. In addition, the transient antibiotic resistance of bacteria caused by biofilm returns to normal levels during dispersion, which helps to treat refractory biofilm-related diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. At present, the research on biofilm dispersion is at an initial stage. In this paper, we hope that by summarizing the phenomenon, signaling molecules and regulatory mechanisms of biofilm dispersion, we can better understand the important significance of bacterial biofilm dispersion for the prevention and control of pathogenic microorganisms and the application of beneficial microorganisms.