乳及乳制品中病原微生物溯源技术研究进展

Research progress in traceability technology of pathogenic microorganisms in milk

摘要:

牛奶营养丰富，素有“白色血液”之称，随着公众对食源性疾病原因和来源问责制的需求增加，准确追踪特定食源性病原微生物在暴发过程中所经过的途径变得越来越重要。微生物溯源研究有助于人们更深入地了解病原微生物种群结构及其多样性的起源和进化，为病原微生物的检验、流行监测、综合防治等研究提供重要的信息资料和科学依据。在牛奶中病原微生物溯源技术研究中，光谱技术、质谱技术、分子方法、全基因组测序等方法均发挥了重要作用。本文根据近年国内外相关文献资料，对检测奶及奶制品中病原微生物常用溯源技术的原理和应用进行了概述。

Abstract:

Milk is known as “white blood” due to its nutrients. It is becoming more and more important for the traceability of pathogenic bacteria, as the public’s demand for the causes of foodborne diseases increases. The traceability technology could help to understand the structure of pathogenic microorganisms and their diversity origin and evolution, that provides important scientific basis for pathogenic microorganism inspection, epidemic monitoring, prevention and control. Methods such as spectral analysis, mass spectrometry, molecular methods, and whole genome sequencing have played important roles in the traceability technology of pathogenic microorganisms in milk. This paper summarizes the principles and applications of traceability techniques commonly used to track pathogenic microorganisms in milk and milk products.