一株高效聚磷解淀粉芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其除磷条件优化

Isolation, identification and phosphorus removal optimization of a phosphorus-accumulating Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

摘要:

【背景】磷是引起水体富营养化的主要营养物质。生物除磷具有成本低、效率高且适用范围广等特点，成为近年来水处理研究领域的热点。目前虽然有一些聚磷菌被筛选获得，但它们的除磷效率不高，其除磷条件尚需优化。聚磷菌的固定化及回收利用也亟待研究。【目的】分离筛选并鉴定高效聚磷菌株，优化除磷环境条件，研究吸附材料对所筛菌株除磷的影响，为聚磷菌的开发利用提供理论依据。【方法】采用常规细菌分离筛选方法获得高效菌株，通过形态特征观察、生理生化实验和16S rRNA基因序列分析对菌株进行鉴定；结合单因素试验、Box-Behnken Design和响应面分析优化除磷条件；通过测定海绵、无纺布和聚氨酯泡沫对聚磷菌的吸附作用评估该材料的固定化效果。【结果】从连云港市某磷矿厂废水中分离筛选出一株高效聚磷细菌P49，经鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)；优化后的最佳除磷条件为pH 6.8、温度31 °C、装液量30.2%，在此条件下P49除磷率可达80.43%；应用聚氨酯泡沫的吸附效果优于海绵和无纺布。【结论】解淀粉芽孢杆菌P49具有良好的除磷效果，可为生物除磷提供微生物资源，用聚氨酯泡沫吸附可实现对该菌株的固定化和回收利用。

Abstract:

[Background] Phosphorus is the main nutrient that causes eutrophication in water. Biological phosphorus removal has the characteristics of low cost, high efficiency and wide application range, and has become a hot spot in the field of water treatment research in recent years. Although some phosphorus-accumulating bacteria have been screened, their phosphorus removal efficiency is not high, the phosphorus removal conditions of the phosphorus-accumulating bacteria need to be optimized. Immobilization and recycling of the phosphorus-accumulating bacteria are urgently needed to be studied. [Objective] Isolation, screen and identify high-efficiency phosphorus-accumulating strains, optimize the environmental conditions for phosphorus removal, explore the impact of adsorbent materials on the phosphorus removal of the bacteria, and provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of phosphorus-accumulating bacteria. [Methods] High-efficiency strains were obtained by routine isolation and screening of bacteria, and the strains were identified through morphological observation, physiological and biochemical experiments and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis; Combined with single-factor experiments, Box-Behnken design and response surface analysis to optimize phosphorus removal conditions; The immobilization effect of the material was evaluated by measuring the adsorption effect of sponge, non-woven fabric and polyurethane foam on phosphorus-accumulating bacteria. [Results] A high-efficiency phosphorous-accumulating bacterium P49 was isolated and screened from the wastewater of a phosphate mine in Lianyungang city, which was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; The optimal conditions after optimization were pH 6.8, temperature was 31 °C, equipment the liquid volume was 30.2%. Under this condition, the phosphorus removal rate of P49 can reach 80.43%; The application effect of polyurethane foam was better than that of sponge and non-woven fabric. [Conclusion] Bacillus amyloliquefaciens P49 had a good phosphorus removal effect and provides microbial resources for biological phosphorus removal. Adsorption with polyurethane foam can achieve the immobilization and recovery of the strain.