酿酒酵母孢子壁结构及其合成相关基因研究进展

Spore wall structure and its synthesis-associated genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a review

摘要:

细胞壁是酵母细胞区别于哺乳动物细胞的重要特征结构。酵母细胞壁的结构组成、合成、再生等与酵母自身繁殖及环境胁迫压力密切相关。目前，酵母孢子壁的形成机理、调控过程机制及孢子壁合成相关基因的功能尚未研究清楚。本文以酿酒酵母为例，简要描述酵母孢子壁的形成过程，重点阐述孢子壁甘露糖层、葡聚糖层、壳聚糖层和二酪氨酸层的结构组成及其合成相关基因的国内外研究进展，以期为抗真菌药物的新靶点研究提供参考。

关键词:酿酒酵母，孢子壁，结构组成

Abstract:

The cell wall is a characteristic structure of yeast cells that distinguishes them from mammalian cells. The structural composition, synthesis and regeneration of the yeast cell wall are closely related to self-reproduction and the response to environmental stress. At present, the mechanism of spore wall formation, regulation processes and the function of spore wall synthesis-associated genes remain elusive. This article briefly describes the process of spore wall formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The spore wall consists of the mannan layer, glucan layer, chitosan layer and dityrosine layer. We summarize genes involved in synthesis of these layers. The purpose of this study is to provide a reference for new antifungal drug target research.

Key words:Saccharomyces cerevisiae, spore wall, structural composition