诺如病毒反向遗传系统的研究进展与应用

Research progress and application of norovirus reverse genetics systems

摘要:

诺如病毒是导致人类急性胃肠炎的主要食源性致病原，由于变异快且缺乏稳健的体外细胞培养体系及小动物感染模型，限制了我们对该病原体的深入研究。近年来，可培养鼠源诺如病毒的发现、人源诺如病毒肠道细胞培养体系的开发，以及诺如病毒反向遗传操作体系的构建为系统研究该病原提供了有力工具，加深了我们对其复制机制、致病机理、病毒-宿主相互作用等的了解。本文主要综述了反向遗传学技术用于诺如病毒研究的工作进展，并讨论了该技术在诺如病毒分子病毒学研究、药物筛选和疫苗制备中的应用及发展前景，以期为诺如病毒防控策略的制定及药物靶点的挖掘提供有益参考，推进我国食品安全风险防控工作。

Abstract:

Norovirus is the main foodborne pathogen of human acute gastroenteritis. Due to its rapid mutation and lack of a robust cell culture system and small animal infection model, thus hinders our in-depth study of this pathogen. In recent years, the discovery of culturable murine norovirus, the establishment of human norovirus intestinal enteroids cell culture system, and the construction of reverse genetic operation system of norovirus have provided favorable tools for the systematic study of the pathogen, and deepen our understanding of its life cycle, replication mechanism, pathogenic mechanism, virus-host interaction, and so on. In this paper, we reviewed the progress of reverse genetics in norovirus research and discussed the application and development foreground of reverse genetics technology in norovirus molecular virology research and vaccine preparation, aiming to provide new strategies for virus prevention and exploring new drug targets against norovirus, and further promoting the food safety risk prevention and control in our country.