透明质酸酶的研究进展

Research progress of hyaluronidases

摘要:

透明质酸酶是能降解透明质酸及部分糖胺聚糖的一类糖苷酶，可应用于医疗和美容等领域。透明质酸酶也可用于制备小分子糖胺寡糖，许多研究发现小分子糖胺寡糖具有比大分子糖胺聚糖更高的生物免疫活性。为便于研究人员对透明质酸酶进行进一步的基础研究及应用研究，本文介绍了透明质酸和透明质酸酶，梳理了透明质酸酶的分类、结构和催化机理，归纳总结了透明质酸酶的酶活力测定方法、重组表达、酶学性质和应用，展望了透明质酸酶的研究方向。

Abstract:

Hyaluronidases, a type of glycosidases, degrade hyaluronan and some glycosaminoglycans. These enzymes have a wide range of promising applications in the medical treatment, cosmetology, preparation of oligo-glycosaminoglycans, and so on. Many studies show that oligo-glycosaminoglycans have a lower molecular weight but a higher biological immune activity than glycosaminoglycans. In view of these important functions and applications of hyaluronidases, this review provides useful information to researchers for further theoretical studies and utilization of these enzymes. This review mainly introduces the definitions of hyaluronan and hyaluronidase, as well as the advances of classification, structures, catalytic mechanisms, enzymatic assay methods, recombinant expression, biochemical properties, and applications of hyaluronidases. This review also indicates future research directions of hyaluronidases.