岸滩粪便污染指示菌来源与影响因素研究进展

Sources and influence factors of fecal indicator bacteria in coastal beaches: a review

摘要:

粪便污染指示菌(Fecal Indicator Bacteria，FIB)，如大肠杆菌、肠球菌和耐热大肠菌等是用于指示水体中污染程度的微生物，但近年来的研究表明岸滩逐步成为FIB的重要储存库。微生物源示踪技术(Microbial Source Tracking，MST)等方法被广泛应用于溯源岸滩FIB污染，但FIB进入岸滩环境后的生消机制尚不明确，因此影响FIB在岸滩上生存、消亡的各类因素仍是目前研究的热点。基于此，本文综述了岸滩生态系统中FIB的来源，同时结合国内外研究进展分析了影响FIB生存的非生物因素、生物因素及间隙流动等其他影响因素，并针对岸滩环境中FIB对人体健康的潜在风险提出相关建议，以期降低游客的患病风险，保障公共健康安全。

Abstract:

Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus and thermotolerant Escherichia coli are indicator microorganisms used to indicate the degree of pollution in water bodies, but recent studies have shown that beaches have gradually become an important repository of FIB. Microbial source tracking technology are widely used to trace the source of FIB pollution on beaches, but the survival mechanism of FIB after entering the beach is unclear. Therefore, the influencing factors on survival of FIB on the beach are still the current research focus. This article reviews the sources of FIB in coastal and beach ecosystems, and analyzes influencing factors such as non-biological factors, biological factors, and interstitial flow that affect the survival of FIB. In addition, suggestions are provided addressing the potential risks of FIB to human health in the beach environment.