矿区高硫煤覆盖对土壤细菌群落组成和多样性的影响

Influence of high-sulfur coal cover on composition and diversity of soil bacterial community in mining areas

摘要:

【背景】土壤微生物生态研究对于矿区污染生态影响调查和矿区生态恢复都具有非常重要的意义，高硫煤覆盖对其下方土壤微生物群落的影响目前尚不清楚。【目的】探究煤矿区长期高硫煤覆盖对其下方土壤细菌群落组成和多样性产生的影响。【方法】从高硫煤矿附近煤场采集3种类型土壤样品(高硫煤覆盖层、高硫煤下方土壤、对照土壤)，通过测定土壤理化性质和运用高通量测序技术研究高硫煤覆盖对土壤性质和细菌群落产生的影响。【结果】与对照土壤相比，高硫煤覆盖使其下方土壤pH值降低，硫酸盐、有机质、有效氮、有效磷含量升高。高硫煤覆盖使其下方土壤中细菌的多样性指数降低，细菌群落组成发生了较大改变。在属水平上，与对照土壤相比，高硫煤下方土壤中Bacillus的相对丰度较高；Acidiphilium与Sulfobacillus在3个样本组中的相对丰度呈现为高硫煤覆盖层>高硫煤下方土壤>对照土壤，硫氧化菌在高硫煤中的优势地位及其对下方土壤的影响由此可以得到证实。共现性网络分析表明，Acidiphilium和Sulfobacillus在高硫煤覆盖区域的土壤细菌群落中占有重要地位，对其他细菌类群影响非常大。【结论】高硫煤覆盖及硫氧化菌的优势存在，对高硫煤下方土壤的理化性质及细菌群落产生明显影响。研究结果有助于增进对矿区土壤微生物生态的认识，为高硫煤矿区生态恢复治理提供微生物学理论基础。

Abstract:

[Background] The study of soil microbial ecology is very important for ecological investigation of pollution in mining areas and ecological restoration of mining areas. The influence of high-sulfur coal cover on underlying soil microbial community is still unclear. [Objective] The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of long-term high-sulfur coal cover on bacterial community composition and diversity of the underlying soil in coal mining areas. [Methods] Three types of soil samples (high-sulfur coal cover layer, soil beneath high-sulfur coal cover layer, soil as control) were collected from coal yard of a high-sulfur coal mine. The influence of high-sulfur coal cover on soil properties and soil bacterial community was studied by measuring soil physical and chemical properties and using high-throughput sequencing technology. [Results] Compared with the soil as control, in the soil beneath high-sulfur coal cover layer, the pH value decreased, but the contents of sulfate, organic matter, hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus increased. For the underlying soil bacterial community, the diversity index decreased and the composition changed obviously. At genus level, the relative abundance of Bacillus in the underlying soil was higher than that of the control. The regularities of relative abundances of Acidiphilium and Sulfobacillus in three sample groups were “high-sulfur coal cover layer>its underlying soil>soil as control”. The preponderance of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in the condition of high-sulfur coal and its influence on the underlying soil could be confirmed. The co-occurrence network analysis showed that Acidiphilium and Sulfobacillus played an important role in the soil bacterial community of the area covered by high-sulfur coal, and had a great impact on other bacterial genera. [Conclusion] The high-sulfur coal cover and the predominance of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in it have obvious influence on the physical and chemical properties and the bacterial community of the underlying soil. The research results are helpful to enhance the understanding of soil microbial ecology in mining areas, and provide theoretical basis for the ecological restoration of high-sulfur coal mining areas in microbiology.