酶法生产稀少糖的研究进展

Advances in enzymatic approaches to rare sugar production

摘要:

稀少糖是指自然界中存在稀少的单糖及其衍生物，可应用于食品、制药和营养等许多领域，同时也可以作为各种天然产品和候选药物的原料。目前大多数稀少糖因其在自然界中含量稀少而非常昂贵，而且这些稀少糖的化学合成原料价格高昂，不利于其大量生产。由于酶催化反应具有反应条件温和、特异性强、效率高、可持续性强等优点，稀少糖酶法生物合成已成为这一领域的有力工具。文中就稀少糖，包括D-阿洛酮糖、D-塔格糖、D-山梨糖、L-果糖、D-阿洛糖等其他稀少糖的生物学功能及应用，以及稀少糖相关酶的研究和酶法生产进行综述。

Abstract:

Rare sugars, referred to their limited existence of rare monosaccharides and their derivatives in nature, can be applied in many areas ranging from foodstuffs to pharmaceutics and nutrition, or as raw materials for various natural products and drug candidates. However, most of the rare sugars are quite expensive, and their synthetic chemical routes are both limited and economically unfeasible due to expensive raw materials. Meanwhile, due to the advantages of enzymatic techniques such as moderate reaction conditions, high specificity, efficiency, and sustainability. Therefore, enzymatic transformations have become a very powerful tool in this field. This article reviewed the biological functions and applications of rare sugar, including D-tagatose, D-allulose, D-sorbose, L-fructose, and D-allose. Meanwhile, this article reviews the studies on the enzymes for rare sugar production and its enzymatic production.