海洋动物来源微生物的共培养研究进展

Co-culture of microorganisms from marine animals: a review

摘要:

近年来，由于一些新疾病的发生和细菌耐药性的出现，微生物来源次级代谢产物的筛选重复率越来越高，微生物一些代谢基因在现有实验室条件下无法表达，所以需要发现新的微生物资源，同时找到激活微生物代谢产物基因的方法。海洋动物体内蕴含着大量的共附生微生物资源，可以产生很多具有生物活性的化合物，是潜在的药用资源。本文综述了近年来海洋动物(海鞘、海绵、珊瑚和海葵等)来源的微生物进行共培养的研究策略，包括共培养菌株的选择、共培养条件、群体感应和信号分子对共培养菌株的影响，以及不同种类微生物间的共培养实例。共培养与单培养相比，增加了次级代谢产物的种类，提高了次级代谢产物的生物活性或产量。共培养的研究有助于发现新的海洋动物来源微生物的活性天然产物，为海洋药物的开发提供新思路。

Abstract:

In recent years due to some new diseases and the emergence of bacterial resistance, the higher screening repetition rate of secondary metabolites from microorganisms, some metabolic genes not expressed in the laboratory conditions, it is necessary to find new microbial strains and activate genes of microbial metabolites. Marine animals harbor rich symbiotic microbial communities, which can produce many compounds with biological activities, and are potential medicinal resources. This paper reviews the research on the co-culture of marine microorganisms associated with marine animals (ascidians, sponges, corals and sea anemones) in recent years, including the selection of co-culture strains, the conditions of co-culture, the influence of quorum sensing and signal molecules on co-culture strains, and examples of co-culture among different kinds of microorganisms. Compared with single culture, the kinds of secondary metabolites or the biological activity of secondary metabolites or the productions of secondary metabolites are increased in co-culture. Co-culture is an important approach for discovering the active natural products from marine microorganisms associated with marine animals, and a new idea for the development of marine drugs.