微生物固定化及其在环境污染治理中的应用研究进展

Microbial immobilization in environmental pollution treatment: a review

摘要:

微生物固定化技术广泛应用于食品、轻化以及环保领域，其具有微生物密度高、生物活性好、环境适应性强、可反复利用等优点。本文对微生物固定化技术进行了概述，并通过典型案例重点阐释了其在水、土和大气等环境污染治理领域的应用进展。在水环境中，固定化载体可为不同类型微生物提供生存微环境和各自所需的生态位，提高了系统负荷和处理效能；在土壤环境中，其重要作用在于提高土壤中污染物的生物有效性，从而提升微生物修复效果；空气污染治理领域则更注重载体的机械强度及气液传质能力的提高。本文比较总结了微生物固定化技术在不同环境治理领域中的应用特点和优势，以期为今后的环境污染治理提供一定的参考。

Abstract:

The microbial immobilization technology is widely used in food processing, light chemical engineering and environmental protection for its high microbial density, excellent bioactivity, strong environmental adaptability and reusability. In this paper, the microbial immobilization technology is reviewed. Then, the application progress is emphatically explained by analyzing practical cases in the treatment of polluted water, soil and atmosphere. The studies found that the carrier can improve system loading and efficiency of water treatment by providing the microenvironment and suitable niche to different microorganisms in the water environment. In the soil environment, it is important to improve the bioavailability of pollutants for improving the efficiency of treatment. In the air environment, the mechanical strength and mass transfer capacity of the carrier are required. Finally, the characteristics and advantages of the microbial immobilization technology are compared and summarized to guideline its future application in the treatments of polluted environment.