不同生长性能苏姜猪保育猪肠道菌群差异分析

Analysis on the difference of intestinal microflora of Sujiang piglets with different growth performance

摘要:

【背景】苏姜猪是优质瘦肉型新品种猪，断奶仔猪受到多方面应激影响会出现生长性能差异。【目的】研究不同生长性能的苏姜猪保育猪肠道菌群结构的异同。【方法】试验选取了同日龄、体重相近、健康情况良好的的保育仔猪100头，在相同的饲养条件下饲养42 d，试验结束选取体重较轻的为弱仔猪，3头弱仔猪体重为18.43±2.37 kg；体重较大的为健康仔猪，3头健康仔猪体重为27.37±1.36 kg。屠宰后，采集其空肠和盲肠内容物，提取微生物基因组DNA进行高通量测序分析其菌群结构。【结果】苏姜猪仔猪空肠和盲肠在菌群丰度、多样性上有极显著的差异(P<0.01)。苏姜猪仔猪空肠菌群优势菌群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)的非致病性菌株，占比超过90%。苏姜猪仔猪盲肠优势菌门依次为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)。门水平组成结构存在差异，弱仔猪厚壁菌门丰度低于健康仔猪、变形菌门丰度高于健康仔猪。苏姜猪盲肠中普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)、疣微菌科UCG-005 (Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005)、拟普雷沃菌属(Alloprevotella)等与纤维消化有关的菌属丰度较高。弱仔猪与健康仔猪盲肠菌群在属水平结构存在显著差异(P<0.05)，弱仔猪盲肠中普雷沃氏菌-9 (Prevotella_9)、埃希菌-志贺菌属(Escherichia-shigella)、疣微菌科UCG-005 (Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005)、Norank_f_普雷沃氏菌(norank_f_ Prevotellaceae)高于健康仔猪，健康仔猪盲肠中乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、普雷沃氏菌-2 (Prevotella_2)、土孢杆菌属(Terrisporobacter)、狭义梭菌属1 (Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1)高于弱仔猪。其中乳酸杆菌属和土孢杆菌属与仔猪健康相关，埃希菌-志贺菌属与疾病相关。【结论】不同生长性能仔猪肠道菌群构成存在显著差异，研究结果为进一步研究苏姜猪肠道菌群的功能提供依据。

Abstract:

[Background] Sujiang pig is a new breed of high-quality lean meat pig. The growth performance of weaned piglets will be different under various stress. [Objective] To study the differences and similarities of intestinal flora structure of Sujiang piglets with different growth performance. [Methods] 100 healthy piglets with similar body weight at the same age were selected and fed under the same feeding conditions for 42 days. At the end of the experiment, three weaker and heavier piglets were selected for the further analysis. The average body weight of the three weak and healthy piglets was 18.43±2.37 kg and 27.27±1.36 kg, respectively. After slaughtering, the contents of jejunum and cecum were collected, and the microbial genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. [Results] There were significant differences in microflora abundance and diversity between jejunum and cecum of Sujiang piglets (P<0.01). The predominant strain of jejunum flora of Sujiang piglets is the non-pathogenic strain of Proteobacteria Pseudomonas, accounting for more than 90%. The dominant bacteria in the cecum of Sujiang piglets were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in turn. There were differences in the composition and structure at the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes in weak piglets was lower than that in healthy piglets, and the abundance of Proteobacteria was higher than that in healthy piglets. Prevotella, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Alloprevotella and other bacteria related to fiber digestion were abundant in the cecum of Sujiang pigs. There were significant differences in cecal flora between weak piglets and healthy piglets at genus level (P<0.05). Prevotella_9, Escherichia-shigella, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 and norank_f_Prevotellaceae in cecum of weak piglets were higher than those of healthy piglets, while Lactobacillus, Prevotella_2, Terrisporobacter and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 in cecum of healthy piglets were higher than those of weak piglets. Lactobacillus and Terrisporobacter are related to the health of piglets, Escherichia-shigella is associated with disease of piglets. [Conclusion] There were significant differences in the composition of intestinal microflora among piglets with different growth performance. The results provided a basis for further study on the function of intestinal microflora in Sujiang pigs.