黄腻舌苔和薄白舌苔微生物种群差异

Differences of microbial populations between yellow greasy and thin white tongue coating in healthy population

摘要:

【背景】舌苔是指舌头上覆盖的由食物残渣、微生物、舌苔上皮角质细胞组成的物质。根据舌苔的厚度、颜色等苔质情况来鉴别病人的健康与疾病状况，是“望”诊的重要内容之一，是中医临床辨证施治的主要依据之一。但是舌苔苔质的形成和微生物菌群的关系还有待深入研究。【目的】探索黄腻舌苔和薄白舌苔菌群群落组成的差异及与舌苔苔质形成的关系。【方法】以薄白舌苔和黄腻舌苔为研究对象，用刮舌板刮取青年学生人群的舌苔表面，获得舌苔样品进行总DNA提取，PCR扩增微生物16S rRNA基因，通过高通量测序获得16S rRNA基因序列，然后通过交互序列分析软件分析样品中细菌菌群种类及差异。【结果】黄腻和薄白舌苔原核微生物群落组成具有明显差异。其中，在门水平上，Patescibacteria和蓝细菌门细菌在黄腻舌苔上明显比薄白舌苔多，具有极显著差异(P<0.01)；在属和种水平上，放线菌(Actinomyces)的组成具有显著差异(P<0.05)，黄腻舌苔中放线菌含量明显高于薄白舌苔；而薄白舌苔中的卟啉单胞菌属(Porphyromonas)和莫拉氏菌属(Moraxella)的含量明显高于黄腻舌苔，差异显著(P<0.05)。【结论】黄腻舌苔苔厚、色黄、有异味，有可能是放线菌含量过高导致。而且，有些放线菌可以导致侵袭性细菌性疾病，称作放线菌病。因此，健康人出现黄腻苔，可在一定程度上提示体内潜在的炎性预警。薄白舌苔正常菌群莫拉氏菌属(Moraxella)和卟啉单胞菌属(Porphyromonas)显著比黄腻舌苔上的多，说明这两种正常菌群可能在维护正常口气和舌苔功能方面具有重要的作用。

Abstract:

[Background] Tongue coating refers to the substances covered on the tongue, which are composed of food residues, microorganisms and epithelial keratinocytes of tongue coating. According to the thickness and color of the tongue coating to identify the patient’s physical condition, is one of the components of “Look” diagnosis, is one of the main basis for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) experts to treat patients with syndrome differentiation. However, there are few studies on the relationship between the formation of tongue coating quality and microbial flora. [Objective] To discover the difference of microbial flora between yellow greasy and thin white in tongue coating, and the relationship between the flora and the quality of tongue coating. [Methods] The thin white tongue coating and yellow greasy tongue coating of the young students were used as the research samples. The surface of the young students’ tongue coating was scraped with a disinfectant cotton swab, and the tongue coating samples were obtained, and sent to Shanghai Meiji company for DNA extraction. Then, 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR, and 16S rRNA gene was obtained by high-throughput sequencing systems, and then analyze the bacterial species in the sample by interactive sequence analysis software. [Results] There were significant differences in the composition of the main flora between the yellow greasy tongue coating and the thin white tongue coating. At the level of genus and species, the composition of Actinomyces was significantly different, The content of Actinomycetes in yellow and greasy tongue coating was significantly higher than that in thin and white tongue coating (P<0.05), while the content of Porphyromonas and Moraxella in thin and white tongue coating was significantly higher than that in yellow and greasy tongue coating (P<0.05). [Conclusion] The thick, yellow and peculiar smell of the yellow greasy tongue coating may be caused by the high content of Actinomyces; Moreover, some Actinomycetes can cause aggressive bacterial diseases, called actinomycosis. Therefore, the occurrence of yellow greasy moss in healthy people may indicate the potential early warning of inflammation in the body. Moraxella and Porphyromonas were significantly more than those on yellow and greasy tongue coating, indicating that these two normal flora might played an important role in maintaining normal tone and tongue coating function.