植物病原真菌1,8-间苯二酚黑色素研究进展

Advances in 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene melanin of plant fungal pathogens

摘要:

黑色素是一种广泛分布于生物体中的酚类聚合物疏水色素，分为1,8-间苯二酚(1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene，DHN)黑色素和3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸(3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine，L-DOPA)黑色素两种，其中DHN黑色素多存在于子囊菌门的植物病原真菌中。基因组和转录组技术的发展及功能基因组研究的深入，使DHN黑色素合成途径上关键基因在不同病原真菌中被鉴定，而且黑色素与真菌抗逆、发育和致病的关系受到越来越多的关注。本文阐述了DHN黑色素合成途径及其在真菌抗辐射与抗极端温度中的作用，以及黑色素对真菌侵染和细胞发育的影响，旨在加深人们对黑色素介导真菌与环境和寄主协同进化的认识，这对黑色素的基础研究和开发利用具有重要意义。

Abstract:

Melanin, a phenolic polymer hydrophobic pigment, produced via the 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) pathway, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) pathway or both pathways, is widely distributed in organisms and the DHN melanin mainly exists in the plant pathogenic fungi of ascomycetes. With the development of genomic and transcriptome technologies and the studies of functional genomes, key genes of DHN melanin biosynthesis pathway have been identified in different pathogenic fungi, and the relationship between melanin and fungal resistance, development and pathogenicity has attracted more and more attention. This article reviewed the DHN melanin synthesis pathway and its role in the fungal resistance against radiation and extreme temperature, the influence for fungal infection and development, to deepen the understanding of melanin mediated coevolution of fungi and environment or hosts, which has great importance for the basic research of DHN melanin and its utilization.