合成微生物群落用于木质纤维素生物质转化的研究进展

Synthetic microbial consortia for lignocellulosic biomass conversion

摘要:

木质纤维素在自然界中的储量可观，是生物燃料生产的重要来源。联合生物加工(consolidated bioprocessing)指在不添加酶的情况下，将木质纤维素“一步”转化为生物燃料的过程，在能源危机日益严重的今天具有重要的应用价值。合成微生物群落(synthetic microbial consortia)是由两种或多种纯培养微生物(野生菌株或工程菌株)共同培养而形成的菌群，具有复杂性低、稳定性高等优点，通过协调微生物之间的相互作用以及整个生态系统的稳定，从而实现特定的功能。近年来，合成生物学的快速发展有利于开发新的方法和工具用于合成微生物群落的构建及优化，促进其在联合生物加工方面的应用。本文聚焦于木质纤维素的联合生物加工，综述了合成微生物群落在该领域的研究进展。简单介绍了系统生物学为合成微生物群落的设计提供指导，详细介绍了合成微生物群落的设计原则、优化工具和在实际生产中的应用与挑战，为木质纤维素的联合生物加工提供借鉴意义。

Abstract:

Lignocellulose has considerable reserves in nature and is an important source of biofuel production. Consolidated bioprocessing refers to the process that conversion of lignocellulose into a biological product in one step without the addition of hydrolytic enzyme and has important application value in today’s increasingly serious energy crisis. The synthetic microbial consortium is formed by the co-culture of two or more pure cultured microorganisms (wild or engineered strain), and it has the advantages of low complexity and high stability, and can achieve specific functions by coordinating microbial interactions and the stability of the entire ecosystem. In addition, the rapid development of synthetic biology facilitates the development of new methods and tools for the construction and optimization of synthetic microbial communities. This article focuses on the consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulose, and reviews the research progress of synthetic microbial communities in this field. We first briefly introduce that systems biology provides guidance for the design of synthetic microbial communities, and then detail the design principles, optimization tools, application and challenges in the actual production of synthetic microbial consortium, which provides a reference for consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulose.