抗生素耐药性的研究进展与控制策略

Strategies for controlling antibiotic resistance: a review

摘要:

抗生素是治疗细菌感染的有效药物，然而抗生素在人类医学及农业生产中的大规模使用催生了细菌耐药性在环境中的快速扩散和传播，特别是多种抗生素的联合使用更是促进了多重耐药性的产生，严重威胁着人类和动物健康及食品与环境安全，相关问题已经引起人们的警觉。因此新研究主要集中在以下几方面：利用组学及合成生物学等方法挖掘并合成新型抗生素；利用高通量技术等系统分析环境中耐药菌及耐药基因新的传播途径及产生的新耐药机制；减抗、替抗及控制耐药基因的策略及其相关工艺。因此，在全面认识耐药基因在环境中传播规律的基础上，如何绿色高效地切断传播途径仍是目前研究的热点。基于此，本文在细菌水平上阐述了抗生素的研发历程、耐药性的发展及控制策略，从而为有效遏制细菌耐药性的发展提供思路。

Abstract:

Antibiotics are effective medicines to combat pathogenic microbes. However, the wide use of antibiotic in human medicine and agricultural production has promoted the rapid spread of bacterial resistance in the environment. In particular, the combined use of multiple antibiotics promotes the emergence of multi-drug resistance that seriously threatens human and animal health, food and environmental safety. Therefore, new researches focus on the following aspects: using omics and synthetic biology to discover and synthesize new antibiotics. Using high throughput technology to analyze the new transmission routes of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes and the mechanism of new resistance in the environment. Strategies and related processes are emerging for reducing, replacing and controlling antibiotic resistance genes. Therefore, based on a comprehensive understanding of the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment, how to block the transmission route in a green and efficient way is still the current research hotspot. In view of this, this review expounds the discovery, development and control strategies of antibiotic from the perspective of bacteria, to provide ideas for further research on control antibiotic resistance development.