工业有机污染对小型水体沉积物真菌群落的影响分析

Influence of industrial organic pollution on fungal community in the sediment of small water body

摘要:

【背景】有机污染对水体沉积物中的微生物多样性影响极大，而目前有关污染水体沉积物中真菌多样性的研究较少。【目的】研究不同程度有机污染下水体沉积物中真菌种群的多样性特征，探究工业有机污染对真菌群落的影响。【方法】应用化学分析方法和高通量测序技术进行研究，并分析水质、沉积物成分等环境因子与沉积物真菌多样性的相关性。【结果】随着污染程度的降低，水体沉积物中真菌序列数、OTU数和shannon多样性指数均呈上升趋势。未分类真菌、子囊菌门和担子菌门是沉积物真菌群落中的主要优势种类，主要优势属为Zopfiella、Westerdykella、Clypeosphaeria、Ilyonectria、Paracremonium、Aspergillus。真菌shannon指数与水体溶解氧(dissolved oxygen，DO)极显著正相关，与沉积物有机质和总磷含量显著负相关，simpson指数与水体总氮(total nitrogen，TN)、氨氮(NH3-N)、总磷(total phosphorus，TP)显著相关。【结论】有机污染导致水体溶解氧下降和沉积物有机质增加，从而导致污染区真菌多样性显著下降。Zopfiella、Penicillium、Emericellopsis、Westerdykella、Jugulospora、Chromelosporium可能参与曝气处理区域沉积物兼氧条件下污染物的去除，Ilyonectria、Mortierella、Epicoccum可能主要参与水生生物残体分解、污染物的吸附沉降等过程。

Abstract:

[Background] Organic pollution has a great impact on the microbial diversity of sediment. At present, there are few studies on the fungal community of sediment in polluted water. [Objective] To study the diversity characteristics of fungal community in the sediment of different degrees of organic pollution, and explore the influence of industrial organic pollution on the community structure of fungi. [Methods] Chemical analysis and high-throughput sequencing was adopted to study, and the relationship between environmental factors such as water quality, components of sediment and fungal diversity was analyzed. [Results] With the decrease of pollution degree, the number of fungal sequences, OTU and Shannon index in sediment were all increased. Unclassified Fungi, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant species of the fungal community in the sediment. Zopfiella, Westerdykella, Clypeosphaeria, Ilyonectoria, Paracremonium and Aspergillus were the main dominant genera in sediment. Shannon index was significantly correlated with DO of water body, negatively correlated with organic matter and total phosphorus content of sediment. Simpson index was significantly correlated with TN, NH3-N and TP of water body. [Conclusion] Organic pollution leads to the decrease of dissolved oxygen in water and the increase of organic matter in sediment, which finally leads to the significant decrease of fungal diversity in the polluted area. Zopfiella, Penicillium, Emericellopsis, Westerdykella, Jugulospora and Chromelosporium may be mainly involved in the removal of pollutants in the aeration treatment area under facultative condition. Ilyonectria, Mortierella and Epicoccum maybe mainly involved in the decomposition of aquatic organism residues and the adsorption and settlement of pollutants.