紫金山铜矿酸性矿山废水微生物群落多样性

Diversity of microbial community in acid mine drainage from Zijinshan copper mine

摘要:

【背景】为避免环境污染，酸性矿山废水需经处理后才能排放，处理后的废水理化性质会发生显著变化，将影响整个微生物群落的结构。【目的】分析处理前后的细菌和真菌群落变化及其与理化参数的关系，为矿山废水的处理提供参考指标，并为矿山污染场地的修复提供理论基础。【方法】采集福建紫金山铜矿的酸性矿山废水并测定其理化性质。采用基于原核微生物16S rRNA基因V4区和真菌18S rRNA基因ITS的高通量测序技术分析水样的微生物群落结构。【结果】经中和处理后的回水与矿坑水和生物浸出液相比，pH升高，重金属离子含量显著降低。原核微生物的多样性高于真菌，回水的物种多样性高于矿坑水和浸出液。回水中变形菌门的丰度最高，矿坑水和浸出液中分别以广古菌门和硝化螺菌门的丰度最高。回水中噬氢菌属为优势类群，矿坑水和浸出液中的优势菌是钩端螺旋菌属，铁质菌属等古菌也有一定的比例。pH、Al、Mn、Zn与回水中相对丰度较高的菌属显著相关，而矿坑水和浸出液中的高丰度类群与环境因子没有显著的相关性。【结论】研究表明酸性废水的中和沉淀处理对微生物群落产生了较大的影响，微生物群落变化可以作为矿山酸性废水污染处理效果的一个参考指标。

Abstract:

[Background] Acid mine drainage should be treated before discharge. After treatment, its physicochemical properties will be changed significantly, which would affect the whole microbial community structure. [Objective] The changes of bacterial and fungal communities before and after treatment and their relationships with physicochemical parameters were analyzed to provide reference indexes for the treatment of acid mine drainage and theoretical basis for the remediation of mine-contaminated sites. [Methods] Acid mine drainage in Zijinshan copper mine, Fujian province was collected, followed by analysis of physicochemical properties. The microbial community structures of water samples were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology based on 16S rRNA gene V4 region of prokaryotes and 18S rRNA gene ITS sequences of fungi. [Results] Compared with the pit water and leachate from the dump-leaching, the back water showed a higher pH and a lower content of heavy metal ions after the neutralization treatment. The diversity of prokaryotes was higher than that of fungi in all samples, and the microbial diversity of back water was higher than that of pit water and leachate. Proteobacteria was the most abundant lineage in the back water, and Euryarchaeota and Nitrospirae were of the highest abundance in the pit water and the leachate, respectively. At the genus level, Hydrogenophaga in the back water was the dominant group, while Leptospirillum was the dominant bacterium in the pit water and leachate, and archaea such as Ferroplasma also accounted for a considerable proportion. The pH, Al, Mn and Zn were significantly correlated with the genera with high relative abundance in the back water, while the high-abundance groups in the pit water and leachate had no significant correlation with the environmental factors. [Conclusion] The study indicated that the neutralization and precipitation treatment of acid mine drainage imposes a great impact on the microbial community, and the changes in microbial community structure could be used as a reference index for acid mine drainage pollution treatment efficiency.