不同生境重楼内生真菌及土壤真菌多样性比较

Comparison of endophytic and soil fungi of Paris polyphylla diversity from different habitat

摘要:

【背景】植物内生菌的群落组成随物种基因型及不同部位、生长地和环境条件不同而发生变化，而植物相关微生物会影响植物的生长、代谢、化学成分的积累与合成，并且可能对药用植物有效成分的合成造成影响。【目的】通过对不同生长环境重楼内生及土壤真菌群落多样性的研究，寻找园区环境与野生环境的差异真菌，为野生药用植物的人工栽培提供理论基础。【方法】测定两种环境中土壤的理化指标，并采用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序技术分别对野生环境及园区环境中重楼内生及土壤真菌群落转录间隔区ITS进行扩增子序列测定，对不同土壤环境真菌群落组成与多样性差异进行生物信息学分析。【结果】对重楼相关土壤及内生真菌的多样性分析结果显示，野生环境中的真菌丰度及多样性均高于园区环境。其中野生环境与园区环境中根际土壤真菌的丰度有显著性差异(P<0.05)。真菌群落注释结果表明，两种环境中分别注释到8个门；在属水平上，野生环境注释到82个属，园区环境注释到78个属；不同土壤环境对微生物群落丰度有着较为显著的差异。野生环境中有4.04%特有的OTU，园区环境中有4.84%特有的OTU。通过LEfSe分析找到了园区环境与野生环境具有显著性差异的生物标记物，Ttracladium marohalianum、Thelephorales和Thelephoraceae为区别两种环境的生物标记物。【结论】野生环境较园区环境在土壤条件上更为疏松，并具有较高的含水量，矿质元素含量也更高，其真菌群落多样性及丰度较园区环境更为丰富。该研究结果将对重楼引种栽培后的质效变迁研究提供理论基础。

Abstract:

[Background] The community composition of endophyes changes with species genotypes, different parts and growth environmental, while plant-related microorganisms affect plant growth, metabolism, accumulation and synthesis of chemical components, and the synthesis of active components of medicinal plants. [Objective] By studying the diversity of Paris polyphylla endophytic and soil fungal communities in different growth environments, the differential microbes were found from the garden environment and wild environment, which provided the theoretical basis for the artificial cultivation of wild medicinal plants. [Methods] Physical and chemical indexes in two soil environments were determined, and Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing technique was used to determine the genes of endophytic and soil fungi communities in wild and garden environments. Bioinformatics analysis was carried out on the composition and the differences of fungal communities in different environments. [Results] The results of diversity analysis of soil and endophytic fungi showed that the abundance and diversity of fungi in wild environment were higher than garden environment. Among them, there was significant difference in the abundance of rhizosphere soil and soil fungal in the garden (P<0.05). The results of fungal community annotation showed that there were 8 phyla in the two environments, 82 gena in the wild and 78 gena in the garden. There were 4.04% unique OTU in the wild environment and 4.84% unique in the garden environment. In addition, through the LEfSe analysis, we found the significant difference biomarker from garden environment and the wild environment, Ttracladium marohalianum, Thelephorales, and Thelephoraceae was the biomarker which distinguishes the two environments. [Conclusion] The wild environment than the garden environment has higher water content, higher mineral element content, and its fungal community diversity and abundance is more abundant than the soil conditions of garden environment. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the change of quality and effect after introduction and cultivation of Paris polyphylla.