病毒宏基因组学研究进展

Advances in viral metagenomics

摘要:

病毒宏基因组学是一种新的病毒组学研究手段，随着高通量测序技术的飞速发展，人们能够从环境中快速发现、鉴定病毒基因组的组成并研究其特征。在过去的十年里，研究者们运用病毒宏基因组学发现了许多新型病毒，增强了人们对不同环境中病毒组成、分布和多样性的了解。因此，病毒宏基因组学已成为清晰描绘各种特殊环境中病毒图谱、了解自然界中病毒分布动态的有效工具。本文主要从病毒宏基因组的概念、样品前处理和病毒总基因组提取方法、测序技术以及病毒宏基因组的应用和发展前景方面进行概述。

Abstract:

Viral metagenomics is a new approach to genomics research. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology, viral genomes from the environment can be quickly discovered, identified and described based on composition characteristics. In the past decade, many novel viruses have been discovered by viral metagenomics, enhancing the understanding of virus composition, distribution and diversity in different environments. Therefore, viral metagenomics has become an effective tool for clearly depicting the viral map in various special environments and understanding the distribution dynamics of viruses in nature. This article mainly summarizes the concept of virus metagenome, sample preparation and extraction method of virus total genome, sequencing technology, the application and development prospects of virus metagenome.