不同菠萝品种种植对连作蕉园土壤理化性质和可培养微生物数量的影响

Effects of different pineapple varieties on soil properties and culturable microflora in continuous cropping banana orchard

摘要:

【背景】不同作物轮作是克服作物连作障碍的重要措施，香蕉与菠萝轮作能有效缓解香蕉土传枯萎病。【目的】以休耕(CK)、高病蕉园土壤中种植巴西香蕉苗(B)、高病蕉园土壤中种植“巴厘”菠萝苗(B_BP)、高病蕉园土壤中种植“金菠萝”菠萝苗(B_GP)和高病蕉园土壤中种植“台农17号”菠萝苗(B_PP)为对象，研究不同菠萝品种种植对连作蕉园土壤理化性质和可培养尖孢镰刀菌、真菌、细菌和放线菌数量的影响，揭示不同菠萝品种种植在高病蕉园土壤中理化性质差异及微生物分布特征。【方法】采用盆栽试验结合可培养微生物研究方法，探究在高病蕉园土壤种植不同菠萝品种后的土壤理化性质和可培养微生物数量的变化。【结果】与休耕(CK)处理相比，高病蕉园土壤中继续种植巴西香蕉苗(B)处理显著增加土壤中尖孢镰刀菌数量，而种植菠萝品种“金菠萝”和“台农17号” (B_GP和B_PP)处理均能显著降低土壤中可培养尖孢镰刀菌数量，增加细菌和放线菌数量。土壤速效磷、细菌及放线菌数量均与可培养尖孢镰刀菌数量呈显著负相关关系；pH和真菌数量与可培养尖孢镰刀菌数量呈显著正相关关系。主坐标分析(principal co-ordinates analysis，PcoA)和多元回归树(multivariate regression trees，MRT)分析结果表明，种植“金菠萝”和“台农17号”菠萝(B_GP和B_PP)处理间的土壤肥力质量相近，并显著区别于其他3个处理。【结论】在高发病香蕉园地，种植菠萝品种“金菠萝”和“台农17号”(B_GP和B_PP)可以显著改善其土壤理化性质和土壤可培养微生物状况，对香蕉连作障碍有较好的缓解作用。

Abstract:

[Background] Rotation was known as one of the effective methods in continuous cropping obstacle prevention. Banana-pineapple rotation has been confirmed to be a very effective method in banana Fusarium wilt disease control. [Objective] In order to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention to banana Fusarium wilt disease induced by different pineapple varieties, five treatments in banana orchard soil with high incidence of disease were set as follows: fallow (CK), banana planted (B), “bali pineapple” planted (B_BP), “gold pineapple” planted (B_GP) and “tai nong 17 pineapple” planted (B_PP). The amount of cultivated Fusarium oxysporum, total fungi, bacteria, actinobacteria and soil properties were investigated to analyze the characteristics of chemical properties and microbial distribution in different treatments. [Methods] Pot experiment and culturable microorganisms’ analysis were used to study the changes of soil properties and culturable microorganisms of different pineapple varieties planted in banana orchard with high disease. [Results] Compared with fallow (CK), amount of Fusarium oxysporum in treatment B was significantly increased, while in B_GP and B_PP treatments, it was significantly reduced. Besides, the number of culturable bacteria and actinobacteria were significantly increased in B_GP and B_PP treatments. Content of available phosphorus, numbers of bacteria and actinobacteria were negatively correlated with culturable Fusarium oxysporum, respectively. while soil pH and the number of culturable fungi were positively correlated with culturable Fusarium oxysporum. Results of principal co-ordinate analysis (PCoA) and multiple regression tree (MRT) showed that soil fertility quality of B_GP and B_PP treatments were similar, while, they were far different from the other three treatments. [Conclusion] Our finding provides evidence that planting “tai nong 17” and “gold pineapple” were more effective than “bali pineapple” in control of banana Fusarium wilt for their high-efficiency ability to improve the soil properties and the culturable microorganisms.