β-木糖苷酶的生物活性物质转化功能研究进展

Research progress in bioactive substances transformation by β-xylosidases

摘要:

β-木糖苷酶是木聚糖酶酶系的一种酶，其功能主要是降解半纤维素中最常见及含量最高的组分——木聚糖。近些年，研究人员发现一些微生物来源的β-木糖苷酶具有生物活性物质转化功能，可通过转糖基作用形成带有木糖基的生物活性物质，也可通过水解作用将带有木糖基的物质，如三七皂苷R1和R2、黄芪甲苷IV (astragaloside IV，ASI)、7-木糖-10-去乙酰紫杉醇(7-xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol，XDT)和花青素转化为生物活性物质，因此，这些β-木糖苷酶在食品和医药等领域具有巨大的潜在应用价值。此外，研究人员揭示了β-木糖苷酶在生物活性物质转化功能方面的一些机制。本文主要介绍了β-木糖苷酶的生物活性物质转化功能、酶来源、家族分类、转化机制及应用，以期为β-木糖苷酶的进一步开发利用提供参考。

关键词:β-木糖苷酶，生物活性物质，转糖基，转化机制

Abstract:

β-xylosidases are the members of xylanases. Their functions have been recognized to degrade xylan that is the most common hemicellulosic polysaccharide. In recent years, some microbial β-xylosidases show the function of bioactive substances transformation, including transxylosylation and dexylosylation of xylosylated substances such as notoginsenosides R1 and R2, astragaloside IV, 7-xylosyl-10-deacetylpaclitaxel and anthocyanins to produce bioactive substances. These β-xylosidases have huge potential applications in food, pharmaceutical and many other industries. Furthermore, some mechanisms involved in bioactive substances transformation by β-xylosidases have been revealed. This review mainly introduces the bioactive substances transformation functions, sources, family classification, transformation mechanisms and applications of β-xylosidases. The aim of the review is to provide useful information for the further development and utilization of β-xylosidases.

Key words:β-xylosidase, Bioactive substance, Transglycosylation, Transformation mechanism