谷氨酸脱羧酶结构及催化机制的研究概述

Structure and catalytic mechanism of glutamate decarboxylase: a review

摘要:

谷氨酸脱羧酶(glutamate decarboxylase，GAD)是一种磷酸吡哆醛(pyridoxal-5′-phosphate，PLP)依赖性酶，广泛存在于自然界的动植物和微生物中，在酸性环境下发生结构变化，不可逆地催化l-谷氨酸或谷氨酸盐α-脱羧生成γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid，GABA)。γ-氨基丁酸在人体中作为一种抑制性神经递质，具有重要的生理功能，可以被广泛应用于食品和制药工业中。本文就谷氨酸脱羧酶结构及催化机制的研究进展进行概述。

Abstract:

Glutamate decarboxylase, a widely distributed in plants, animals and microorganisms in nature, is a pyridoxal-5′-phosphate-dependent enzyme. It undergoes structural changes in an acidic environment and can irreversibly catalyze the α-decarboxylation of l-glutamic acid or glutamate to produce γ-aminobutyric acid. γ-aminobutyric acid, as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in human body, has important physiological functions and can be widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this paper, the research progress of the structure and catalytic mechanism of glutamate decarboxylase was summarized.