多孔纳米材料固定化酶研究进展

Recent advances in immobilization of enzymes on porous nanomaterials

摘要:

酶是一种天然生物催化剂，有催化效率高、底物选择性强和绿色环保等优点，但酶结构不稳定且重复利用率低，制约了其产业化应用。随着技术的发展，酶的固定化可以提高酶的活性和稳定性，为生物酶的工程化应用带来了新的机遇。多孔纳米材料具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、机械和化学性能稳定等特点和优异的成本效益，是理想的固定化酶载体。本文综述了近些年来金属有机框架、共价有机框架和多孔微球等纳米材料固定化酶的研究进展和应用，重点介绍了载体固定酶的方式，并总结了每种载体的特点，最后讨论了多孔纳米材料固定化酶面临的挑战和发展趋势。

Abstract:

Enzyme is a green and natural biocatalyst, with the advantages of high activity under moderate conditions and high specificity. However, the high molecular complexity and intrinsic fragility are the challenges for applying the enzymes in the tough reaction conditions for the industry process. The advanced enzyme immobilization technology has great chance to improve the enzymatic activity and stability, bringing new opportunities for the engineering application of enzymes. Porous nanomaterials with large surface area, high porosity, stable mechanical, chemical resistance and superior cost-effectiveness, are ideal carriers of immobilizing enzyme. In this paper, the recent research progress and applications of nanomaterials such as metal organic framework, covalent organic framework and porous microspheres for enzymatic immobilization are reviewed. We mainly introduced the method of carrier for immobilization of enzymes, summarized the characteristics of each carrier. The challenges and future development of the immobilization technology for enzymes by porous nanomaterials have been finally discussed and concluded.