酸微菌纲(Acidimicrobiia)的研究概况

Recent advances in the class Acidimicrobiia

摘要:

酸微菌是酸微菌纲(Acidimicrobiia)下所有菌的统称，广泛存在于酸性矿废水和海洋、湖泊、土壤、沙漠等环境，因其难培养、特殊的生理特性而受到特别的关注。酸微菌在酸性、中性和弱碱性环境中均有分布，一部分种属嗜酸、中度嗜热、可进行Fe2+氧化和Fe3+还原反应，具有矿石氧化和合成新型活性物质的能力，在生物浸矿与化学合成有潜在的应用价值；一部分种属存在于中性或弱碱性的土壤、沙漠和水体中，是该类环境中放线菌的优势种类。本文概述了酸微菌纲的建立和发展、酸微菌的系统发育、生物多样性与地理分布、主要生理特性、代谢途径、基因组研究等情况，并对酸微菌的应用前景和未来研究方向进行展望。

Abstract:

Strains in class Acidimicrobiia belonging to phylum Actinobacteria, widely live in acid mine drainage (AMD), ocean, desert, freshwater and soil environments. Recently, the class Acidimicrobiia species receive more attentions because of their barely growth under the laboratory condition and typical physiological and biochemical characteristics, including acidophilic, moderately thermophilic, or capable to Fe2+ oxidation and Fe3+ reduction. Acidimicrobiia species have been used in bioleaching, acid mine wastewater treatment and chemical synthesis based on their capabilities to oxidize ores and synthesize new active substances. While some mesophilic Acidimicrobiia species are the dominant group in neutral and weak alkaline environments, such as soil, desert and freshwater etc. This review summarizes the studies on Acidimicrobiia, including the process of establishment and development, phylogenetic analysis, species diversity and geographical distribution, physiological characteristics, metabolites, genomic studies, and prospects their potential applications and research fields.