耐高温α-淀粉酶分子结构与异源表达研究进展

Advances in study on structure-function relationship of thermostable α-amylase and its heterologous expression

摘要:

耐高温α-淀粉酶是数千年前即取得工业化应用的重要工业用酶。由于其具有热稳定性好、液化彻底、易保存等优势，在淀粉制糖、味精、啤酒等食品发酵以及纺织印染等行业都有着广泛的应用。本文首先就耐高温α-淀粉酶的菌种来源、结构与功能、α-淀粉酶酶活性提升、基因工程菌的构建等方面已取得的研究成果进行综述，然后对耐高温α-淀粉酶外源表达最新研究成果进行了总结。文章最后分析讨论了在耐高温α-淀粉酶开发方面国内现有水平与国际领先水平的差距，以期为耐高温α-淀粉酶的开发提供参考及思路。相信随着代谢工程和过量表达等技术手段的相继应用及业界的持续努力，我国耐高温α-淀粉酶的开发必将取得飞跃式发展。

Abstract:

Thermostable α-amylase is a group of important industrial enzymes famous for their earliest industrial usage tracing back to thousands of years ago. Thanks to their advantages such as thermal stability, high efficiency on starch liquefaction and the easy-to-stock nature, the thermostable α-amylase is widely used in starch-based sugar industries, food fermentation industries, beer and other brewing industries, and textile printing and dyeing associated industries, respectively. This review covered the advances in the studies on the thermostable α-amylase regarding the producer strains selection and construction, structure-function relationship of the enzyme, the ways for improving α-amylase enzyme activity and the approaches of heterologous expression of the enzyme, respectively. In addition, the status quo of thermostable α-amylase exploration worldwide was depicted in general, and the comparison between domestic achievements with the global leading establishments was made in the specific.