子囊菌交配型位点与交配型基因研究进展

Mating type genes in ascomycetes: a review

摘要:

有性生殖是真菌的生殖方式之一，是真菌遗传重组的重要驱动力。交配型(mating-type，MAT)位点控制真菌性别，在有性生殖过程中起决定性作用。不同类型真菌MAT位点的基因组成、排列方式和编码蛋白不尽相同。近年来，MAT位点和MAT基因的功能与调控网络研究进展较快。本文对子囊菌交配型位点的基因组成及分布、MAT基因的功能、MAT位点与有性生殖调控通路的关系等进行了综述。

Abstract:

Sexual reproduction in fungi, including cell recognition, cell fusion, zygote production, meiosis and mitosis, and final formation of sexual spores, is one of the important reproductive cycles that provide the source of genetic recombination. The MAT loci determine the mating types in fungi and play a key role in fungal sexual reproduction. MAT loci differ in gene composition, sequences and arrangements in fungal species. In recent years, rapid progress has been made in the functions and regulatory networks of MAT loci and MAT genes. In the present paper, we review the advances in ascomycetes on the gene composition and distribution in MAT loci, the function of MAT genes, and the relationship between MAT loci and sexual signaling pathways.