马铃薯致病疫霉研究进展

Research progress in Phytophthora infestans, pathogen of potato late blight

摘要:

马铃薯致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)属卵菌纲(Oomycetes)霜霉目(Peronosporales)腐霉科(Pythiaceae)疫霉属(Phytophthora)，是马铃薯和番茄晚疫病病原菌。由于晚疫病对马铃薯生产的毁灭性和严重性，对致病疫霉的研究一直是关注的重点。本文首先对病害引起的症状、发生特点及流行规律进行阐述，对有性生殖发生的遗传规律和多种交配型共存的大环境下病原菌群体结构变异特点进行归纳总结。随着2009年致病疫霉基因组测序的完成，本文比对了疫霉属目前已完成测序各个种的基因组学特点，介绍了致病疫霉在效应子克隆方面的研究进展及线粒体基因组研究现状，阐述了功能基因组学的两个重要技术：高密度遗传连锁图谱(high density linkage mapping)和全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study，GWAS)，及其在挖掘致病疫霉重要功能基因上的应用。本文有助于了解致病疫霉研究热点及后续突破方向，可为深入解析致病疫霉的功能基因及致病机制提供参考，对开发马铃薯晚疫病菌药物靶标及预测病害的大规模流行趋势也具有重要意义。

关键词:马铃薯致病疫霉，群体结构，基因组，效应子，连锁图谱，全基因组关联分析

Abstract:

Phytophthora infestans, which is responsible for potato and tomato late blight disease, belongs to Oomycetes, Peronosporales, Pythiaceae and genus of Phytophthora. Most research focus on P. infestans because it is destructive to potato production. Firstly, in this review, late blight symptoms caused by P. infestans, disease occurrence characteristics and epidemiology were illustrated, then the inheritance of sexual reproduction occurrence and variation of population structure with coexistence of various mating types, were also summarized. Since P. infestans genome sequenced in 2009, characteristics of genomics in various species among genus of Phytophthora were compared, and the research progress of effector clonging and mitochondrial genome were also introduced. Finally, the review demonstrated two significant technologies in functional genomics, high density genetic linkage mapping and genome-wide association study (GWAS), which were convenient for functional genes searching. This review can help to better understand the research highlight and further breakthroughs of P. infestans, which may provide a reference to further analysis on functional gene and pathogenic mechanism of P. infestans, and it is important to develop chemical control targets and epidemic trend forecasting.

Key words:Phytophthora infestans, population structure, genome, effector, Linkage map, Genome-wide association study (GWAS)