细菌素对产生菌获得生存优势及其诱导合成条件的研究进展

Bacteriocinogeny, the way to acquire survival advantages through biosynthetic regulation: a review

摘要:

细菌素可以有效抑制其他细菌的生长，是产生菌获得生存优势的重要手段。细菌素使产生菌获得竞争优势基于两个方面：就产生菌自身而言，将细菌素吸附于细胞表面可能增强细胞表面疏水性，进而对定殖产生正向作用；就目标菌而言，细菌素可以自外而内抑制目标菌生物被膜、细胞壁、细胞膜的合成或破坏其结构完整性，同时还可影响其功能基因的表达。然而，伴随细菌素合成的往往是一簇基因的共同表达，需要一定的非生长相关性能量和物质消耗。因此，为实现细菌素合成的调控，细菌素表达基因的开启受制于细菌素自诱导、共培养诱导和环境因子诱导等一系列条件，以实现细菌素利用效率的最大化。根据细菌素主要的抑菌/杀菌机制，我们展望了细菌素耐受性突变菌株可能具有更强流动性细胞膜和(或)更高效小分子合成途径和(或)细菌素受体突变的特征，并提出了科学使用细菌素的建议。

Abstract:

In habitant niche the bacteriocinogeny facilitates the producer with survival advantages by two ways: 1) through elevating colonization capacity due to superficial hydrophobicity of bacteriocins aggregation, and 2) through inhibiting competitors by dysfunction of biofilm formation, wall synthesis, membrane integrity and essential genes expression. However, both approaches are demanding either metabolism-wise or energy-wise. In nature, the producer strains have evolved a panel of subtle induction mechanisms, such as auto-induction, co-culture induction and environmental induction. These unique mechanisms enable such a sophisticated regulation of biosynthesis, so that the global metabolic network and bacterocinogeny are well balanced. The bacteriocin tolerance or resistance is mostly associated with mutations on cell membrane fluidities, metabolic pathways and surface receptors. The use of bacteriocin should be urged to avoid the potential spread of resistance, just as the emergency of drug-resistant pathogens as found nowadays.