枯草芽孢杆菌微生态制剂发酵研究进展

Progress on Bacillus subtilis microbial ecological agents by fermentation

摘要:

微生态制剂是饲用抗生素的绿色有效替代品。枯草芽孢杆菌在逆境中可形成抗逆性强的芽孢，在生产和应用过程中保持高活性，是一种高效的微生态制剂菌种。提高枯草芽孢杆菌活菌数及芽孢率是保证微生态制剂产品质量的关键。本文综述了枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢形成的分子生物学机制及影响芽孢形成的重要因素，进一步比较枯草芽孢杆菌微生态制剂不同发酵方式的特点，重点阐述了提高枯草芽孢杆菌有效生物量的工艺优化，最后介绍了枯草芽孢杆菌微生态制剂的应用，并对将来研究思路进行了讨论。

关键词:微生态制剂，枯草芽孢杆菌，芽孢形成，发酵，功能基因

Abstract:

Microbial ecological agents are environmental friendly alternatives to antibiotics, which could be utilized as feed additives for preventing disease and promoting growth of animals. Bacillus subtilis could generate spores, which have strong resistance to environmental stress including heat in drying process, mechanical force in granulation process and acid in digestive tract. Therefore, Bacillus subtilis is one of the preferred strains for microbial ecological agents preparation. Sporulation rate and viable cell number determine quality of Bacillus subtilis microbial ecological agents significantly. Increasing sporulation rate is considered as one of the key methods to improve the quality of Bacillus subtilis microbial ecological agents. Molecular mechanism of sporulation process was presented and the factors regulating sporulation were discussed. Different fermentation methods for microbial ecological agents production were compared. Furthermore, a systematic description was given of the process optimization for enhancing effective cell number of Bacillus subtilis. At last, applications of Bacillus subtilis microbial ecological agents were presented and the future research directions were proposed.

Key words:Microbial ecological agents, Bacillus subtilis, Sporulation, Fermentation, Functional gene