源于微生物的海鞘天然产物

Microbial origin of natural products isolated from ascidians

摘要:

海洋动物是具有生物活性海洋天然产物的重要来源。海鞘中含有丰富的微生物类群，如细菌、放线菌、真菌和蓝细菌。越来越多的直接或间接证据表明，一些从海鞘中分离的天然产物并不是海鞘本身产生的，而是由其共生微生物产生的。本文对近些年来的海鞘天然产物的微生物来源的研究方法进行综述，包括可培养细菌的分离、不可培养细菌的粗提物检测、宏基因组学、全基因组测序等直接方法，以及化合物结构比对的间接方法。通过对海鞘-微生物共生体中天然产物生物合成来源的研究，不仅可以从根本上解决动物药源的问题，而且可为研究海鞘与微生物共生关系提供有力证据。

Abstract:

Marine animals are important sources of marine natural products with biological activity. Ascidians harbor rich microbial communities, including bacteria, actinobacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria. More and more direct or indirect evidence suggests that some natural products isolated from ascidians are not produced by ascidian themselves, but by their symbiotic microorganisms. In this review, we present the research methods of microbial origin of ascidians natural products in recent years, including direct methods, such as the isolation of culturable bacteria, crude extract detection of non-culturable bacteria, metagenomics, whole genome sequencing, as well as indirect methods of the comparison of compound structures. The study of biosynthetic origin of natural products isolated from marine microorganism-ascidians assemblages, can solve problem of crude drug from animal sources, and provide the evidence for symbiotic relationship between ascidians and microorganisms.