微生物生物技术处理气态污染物的研究进展

Recent progress and perspectives in biological treatment for gaseous pollutants

摘要:

近年来大气污染问题愈发突出，工业生产过程是大气污染的一重要源头。微生物法治理制造工业生产中产生的挥发性有机物、恶臭气体、硫化物、氮氧化物等气态污染物以效率高、投资少、绿色且环境友好等优势逐渐在国内兴起，广受关注。本文综述了微生物法的基本理论、技术分类及特点、应用范围，以及国内外较新的研究方向与进展。微生物法净化低浓度污染物效率往往很高，而处理难溶、高浓度、生物毒性、难降解的污染物时易受到局限。专家学者们对此进行了大量研究与实验，创新出的高效技术进行总结。本文认为减少传质阻力方法的应用、与其他处理技术联用、清晰微生物降解机理与途径等是提高微生物法效率的重要方向。但提及的大部分强化手段仍处于实验研究阶段，使其工业化仍需要进一步探索。

关键词:生物法，气态污染物，挥发性有机物，恶臭气体，微生物

Abstract:

The problem of air pollution has of late years become increasingly sever, and industrial production is a momentous source. Biological treatments of gaseous pollutants including volatile organic compounds, odours, sulfides, nitrogen oxides and so forth in industrial production has gradually emerged in China and gained extensive attention with the advantages of high efficiency, low investment, green and environmental friendliness. This paper reviews fundamentals, technical classification and characteristics, applied range, state-of-the-art research directions and progress of biological treatments both here and abroad. Biological treatments tend to have high removal efficiency for the treatment of low concentration gaseous pollutants, while it is limited for treating hydrophobicity, high concentration, toxicity, and low bioavailability of these pollutants. To solve these problems, experts and scholars had done a great quantity of researches and experiments, and those efficient methods and means innovated were summarized. It is considered that the application of methods for reducing mass transfer resistance, combination with other treatment technologies, clarification of mechanisms and metabolic pathways of microbial degradation are significant research directions to improve the efficiency of biological treatments and expand its field of application. However, nearly all methods of intensification mentioned are still in the stage of experimental research, as an important goal, which still need to be continuously studied for industrialization.

Key words:Biological treatment, Gaseous pollutants, VOCs, Odours, Microorganism