活性污泥抗生素抗性基因研究进展

Resistome in activated sludge: current knowledge and future directions

摘要:

抗生素抗性在全球范围内的传播扩散严重威胁人类健康。活性污泥是污水处理系统重要的处理工艺，同时也是抗生素抗性及其发生水平基因转移的一个重要储库和热区。目前，随着研究手段和技术的不断更新，活性污泥中抗生素抗性的研究不断增加，但是仍有许多科学问题亟待解决。本文主要针对活性污泥抗生素抗性的5个主要方面进行深入讨论：(1) 活性污泥中抗性基因的丰度和分布的影响因素；(2) 污泥抗性基因的研究方法；(3) 活性污泥抗性基因的传播与扩散；(4) 污泥中抗性基因环境风险评估；(5) 研究展望。本综述在活性污泥抗生素抗性研究基础上，阐述了驱动抗生素抗性扩散的基本微生物生态过程研究进展，旨在为污水处理工艺的发展和优化及抗性基因控制政策的制定提供科学基础。

Abstract:

The rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance is threatening human health worldwide. Activated sludge system is a critical treatment technology for removing contaminants from wastewater. With the development of microbiological research technologies, increasing number of researches focus on antibiotic resistance in activated sludge. However, knowledge about antibiotic resistance and horizontal gene transfer in activated sludge remains largely unknown. Here, we review and discuss the research progress and main knowledge gaps of antibiotic resistance in activated sludge: (1) major determinants of antibiotic resistance in activated sludge; (2) methods used for analysis antibiotic resistance; (3) dissemination and spread of antibiotic resistance genes in activated sludge; (4) environmental risks of antibiotic resistance in activated sludge; (5) concluding remarks and future perspectives. This review will contribute to illuminating the microbial ecology driving the dissemination of antibiotic resistance, intending to support the development and optimization of wastewater treatment technologies and provide basis for developing management strategies to improve antibiotic resistance mitigation.