厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥研究进展

Research progress on Anammox granular sludge

摘要:

厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidation，Anammox)工艺是一种新的生物脱氮技术。一经问世即得到人们青睐，现已成为废水脱氮的升级技术。厌氧氨氧化菌(anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria，AnAOB)是Anammox工艺的功能之源。以颗粒污泥形态存在的AnAOB是Anammox颗粒污泥床脱氮系统的重要支柱。由于AnAOB生长缓慢且对环境条件变化敏感，Anammox脱氮系统不仅启动缓慢，而且运行极易失稳甚至崩溃。值得庆幸的是，AnAOB可自主选择、组合和固定功能菌群落而形成Anammox颗粒污泥，并通过其优良的重力沉降性能和高效的基质转化性能保障Anammox脱氮系统的持续工作。本文综述了AnAOB的种类和特性及Anammox颗粒污泥的组成、结构和功能，以期为Anammox工艺的优化和拓展提供参考。

Abstract:

Anammox process is a new biotechnology for nitrogen removal from wastewaters. It was favored in the field of environmental engineering once it came out and now it has become the upgrading technology. Anammox bacteria (AnAOB) are the function source of Anammox process and Anammox granular sludge (AnGS) formed by AnAOB is the vital pillar of Anammox granular sludge bed system. However, due to the slow growth of AnAOB and their sensitivity to the change of environmental conditions, Anammox nitrogen removal system not only starts up slowly, but runs easily to be unstable and even collapses. Fortunately, AnAOB can select, combine and fix the functional bacterial community freely to form AnGS, thus ensuring the continuous work of the Anammox nitrogen removal system for its excellent gravity settling property and high efficient substrate conversion property. In this paper, the taxonomy and characteristic of AnAOB, compopsition, structure, and function of AnGS are reviewed so as to give guidance for the optimization and expansion of Anammox process.