应对日益严峻的挑战：中国禽传染性支气管炎研究

To meet the growing challenge: research of avian infectious bronchitis in China

摘要:

自1937年禽传染性支气管炎病毒在美国被首次分离以来，该病毒的传播给世界养禽业带来了严重的经济损失。中国地域辽阔、气候多样，国内该病毒的流行情况十分复杂。本文就传染性支气管炎在国内的病原分离、分子流行病学、检测技术、疫苗及综合防控技术等方面的研究与实践进行总结。目前，该病毒在中国多种类型毒株并存，优势流行毒株为QX基因型毒株。除广泛使用的H120等Mass血清型疫苗外，4/91血清型疫苗和LDT3-A株疫苗也被逐步使用，多采用弱毒疫苗和灭活疫苗联合免疫的方法有效控制了其对养禽业造成的经济损失。

Abstract:

Since first isolated in America in 1937, avian infectious bronchitis virus causes serious economic loss to the poultry industry worldwide. Because of vast territory and climate diversity, the domestic epidemic situation of infectious bronchitis virus is very complex. The research and practice of isolation of pathogen, molecular epidemiology, detecting techniques, vaccine and integrated preventing & controlling techniques of infectious bronchitis in China is reviewed in this paper. At present, a variety of strains coexist in China, and the dominant epidemic strains are QX genotype. Moreover, the widely used vaccine belongs to Mass serotype such as H120, but 4/91 serotype vaccine and LDT3-A vaccine have also been used gradually. The combination immunization of attenuated live vaccine and inactivated vaccine can effectively control the economic loss of the poultry industry.