微生物肥料在盐碱土壤中的应用展望

Prospect of microbial fertilizer in saline soil

摘要:

随着土地资源日益短缺及人们对生态环境的关注，以天然土壤微生物为主要成分的微生物肥料应用在盐碱农业中越来越受到重视。本文综述了国内外微生物肥料的发展历史和现状，微生物肥料对盐碱土壤产生的影响，帮助植物抵抗盐胁迫的机制，以及对盐碱土壤中微生物群落产生的影响；本文也提出了两种能够有效保藏菌种的固定化方法，这两类方法能有效地解决菌种易失活问题且延长其在土壤中的作用时间；最后提出了目前微生物肥料作用于盐碱地存在的问题与展望，旨在为缓解土地资源、提高农业安全生产做出贡献。

Abstract:

People concern the ecological environment due to increasing shortage of land resources. The application of microbial fertilizers with natural soil microorganisms as the main component has attracted interests in farming on saline-alkali soil. This paper reviews the development and current status of microbial fertilizers worldwide. Moreover, we discuss the mechanisms how microbial fertilizers help plants resist salt stress and the effects on microbial communities in saline-alkali soils. We also propose two methods of immobilizing strains. These two methods can effectively solve the strains’ inactivation and prolong their action time in the soil. Finally, the problems and prospects of the current microbial fertilizers acting on saline-alkali soils are addresses.