基于国际专利数据的真菌黑色素创新发展趋势分析

Analysis of innovation trend of fungal melanin based on international patent data

摘要:

【背景】黑色素具有抗肿瘤、抗辐射等多种生物活性，在生产和生活中具有巨大的应用潜力，通过真菌生产是获取黑色素的一条重要途径，它与动植物相比具有更短的生产周期和更高的产量，并且易于实现商业应用。【目的】揭示真菌黑色素的生产及应用发展情况和创新趋势，为致力于真菌黑色素产业的科研人员和企业提供参考。【方法】基于IncoPat科技创新情报平台，通过对全球真菌黑色素相关专利进行检索统计，从专利涉及的菌株、专利技术构成、申请人专利价值等多维度对真菌黑色素相关专利进行深入分析。【结果】真菌黑色素在生产制备领域申请专利数量最多(50.56%)，作为化工染料和化妆品原料应用的专利申请数量最少(13.48%)，涉及的真菌菌属主要有层孔菌属、短梗霉属、木耳属、纤孔菌属、粒毛盘菌属、灵芝属和曲霉属。目前真菌黑色素专利技术申请的热点领域主要在C12 (微生物发酵、培养基、突变或遗传工程)类和A61 (医学)类，并且在未来一段时间内，C12和A61将继续作为热点技术申请领域。中国申请的真菌黑色素专利数量最多，但拥有的高价值专利比例较低，较国外仍具有一定差距。【结论】我国科研人员需要加强在医药和化工领域核心专利技术的创新应用与海外布局，增强与企业的合作研发和技术转移，以抢占真菌黑色素在这些领域的应用市场，并推动真菌黑色素相关专利向高质量发展。

关键词:国际专利，IncoPat，真菌，黑色素，发展趋势

Abstract:

[Background] Melanin has many biological activities such as anti-tumor and anti-radiation, which make it of great application potential in production and life. Fungi is an important source of melanin, and it has shorter production cycle and higher yield compared with animals and plants, which make it easy to achieve commercial application. [Objective] The application, development and innovation trend of fungal melanin were revealed to provide references for researchers and enterprises that dedicated to fungal melanin industry. [Methods] Based on IncoPat scientific and technological innovation platform, we searched and counted the related patents of fungal melanin around the world, and made comprehend analyses of them from the aspects of involved strains, the composition of patent technology, and patent values of the applicants. [Results] The results of analysis showed that the number of patent applications for production and preparation was the largest in the field of fungal melanin (50.56%), while the number of applications as chemical dyes and cosmetics was smallest (13.48%). The main strains involved the following genus: Fomes, Aureobasidium, Auricularia, Inonotus, Lachnum, Ganoderma and Aspergillus. At present, the hot technical fields of patent applications of fungal melanin are mainly C12 (microbial fermentation; medium; mutations or genetic engineering) and A61 (medicine), and we predict that both of them will continue to be hot fields of technical applications for quite a while to come; China has the largest number of fungal melanin patents, but the percentage of high-value patents was relatively low, and there is still a certain gap compared with foreign countries. [Conclusion] Chinese researchers need to enhance creative application and overseas layout of core patent technologies in medicine and chemical industry, strengthen cooperative research with enterprises and technology transfer, in order to seize the application market of fungal melanin in these fields, and promote the development of fungal melanin related patents related to a higher quality.

Key words:International patent, IncoPat, Fungi, Melanin, Development trend