工业酵母抗逆机理研究进展

Research progress in stress tolerance of industrial yeasts

摘要:

工业酵母利用木质纤维素等生物质资源发酵生产醇、酮、醛、酸等各种化合物，是解决人类面临的不可再生资源和能源危机的重要途径，这激发了人们对木质纤维素水解液为原料和环保节能型浓醪发酵技术的极度关注。然而高浓度底物、产物、渗透压、木质纤维素水解液中抑制性物质、发酵过程温度的提高均会抑制微生物生长代谢及发酵性能，这是发酵行业“瓶颈”问题。本文简述了渗透压、温度及抑制性物质对酵母细胞生长的危害，并从胞内稳态平衡、分子水平等方面着重叙述工业酵母对渗透压、温度及抑制性物质的抗逆机制研究进展。

Abstract:

Biomass resources, such as lignocellulose fermentation by industrial yeasts to produce various compounds including alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, and so on, contribute to solving non-renewable energy crisis. Thereinto, abundance and low price lignocellulose fermentation and environmentally friendly and energy efficient high gravity fermentation have attracted a lot of attention. However, inhibition of cell growth and metabolism by toxic compounds formed during pretreatment of lignocellulose, high concentration of substrate and product, osmotic stress, and elevating temperature, is a bottleneck problem in the fermentation industry. Here, we introduce the effect of osmolarity, temperature, and toxic compounds on cell growth, and review recent advances in stress tolerance mechanisms of industrial yeasts for these harmful factors at intracellular homeostasis, molecular level and so on.