宏基因组学应用于耐盐酶类及耐盐基因研究的进展

Metagenomics in studying salt tolerance enzymes and salt tolerance genes

摘要:

耐盐酶在高盐浓度下仍具备催化活性和稳定性，在高盐食品和海产品加工、洗涤及其它高盐环境生物技术领域被广泛应用；耐盐基因在高盐条件下可以使微生物维持正常功能，获取并研究不同环境中的耐盐基因对揭示微生物的耐盐机制，以及实现其在高盐环境中的定向应用具有的重要意义。宏基因组学避开纯培养技术探知微生物的多样性及其功能，为我们提供了一种发现新基因、开发新的微生物活性物质和研究微生物群落结构及其功能的新技术。文中结合本课题组的研究工作，综述了利用宏基因组学获取耐盐酶类及耐盐基因的策略，同时着重介绍利用宏基因组学从海洋、土壤、胃肠道等环境中获取耐盐酶类及耐盐基因的研究。

Abstract:

Salt tolerance enzymes are active and stable at high salt concentrations and widely applied in high salt food processing, seafood processing, washing and other biotechnology fields with high salt concentrations. Salt tolerance genes can maintain normal function of microorganisms under high salt conditions. Therefore, obtaining and exploration of salt tolerance genes and salt tolerance enzymes in different environments have profound significance for revealing the salt tolerance mechanism of microorganisms and directing its application in the high salinity environment. The metagenomic technology skips the pure culture to explore the diversity and function of microorganisms and provide a new technology for discovering novel genes, developing new microbial active substances and studying microbial community structure and function. Combined with our own findings, this paper summarizes the strategies of using metagenomic technology to acquire salt tolerance enzymes and salt tolerance genes, and emphatically introduces the study of obtaining salt tolerance enzymes and salt tolerance genes from ocean, soil and gastrointestinal tract environment with metagenomics.