2013–2017年我国流产奶牛群布鲁氏菌病流行病学趋势与特点

Epidemiological trends and characteristics of Brucellosis in miscarriage dairy cows in China, 2013−2017

摘要:

【背景】布鲁氏菌病(布病)是一种由布鲁氏菌引起的严重危害世界很多国家养殖业的人畜共患病。近年来，布病在我国出现反弹趋势，给养殖业发展和公共卫生安全带来严重挑战。由于我国牛羊养殖数量庞大且相对分散等多方面原因，对于动物布病的相关发病数据缺乏完整性和系统性。【目的】了解我国奶牛布病的流行状况，为制定布病防控措施及策略提供数据支持。【方法】根据过去5年(2013?2017)国家动物布病参考实验室的监测数据，深入分析我国奶牛布病发病趋势和流行特点。【结果】2013?2017年，从有流产症状的布病非免疫牛场采集了血清样本23 381份，其中布鲁氏菌血清抗体阳性占44.2%，2015年奶牛布病疫情最为严重，个体阳性率和群体阳性率分别为55.3%和93.5%。一类布病疫区5个省市的流产畜群间布病阳性率介于13.8%?57.8%，二类布病疫区4个省的流产畜群间布病阳性率在54.4%?86.9%之间。在这5年间，人间、流产畜群间布病发病趋势呈高度相关(r=0.806>0)。【结论】流产奶牛群体中，布病发生率处于高流行水平，且与人间布病流行趋势高度吻合；另外，二类布病疫区布病疫情严重。这些重要的信息，有助于全面掌握布病流行情况，提示进行人病兽防的重要性，为制定适合国情的布病防控战略提供技术依据。针对上述研究结果，建议对全国动物布病展开全面监测，做好动物布病预防、准确诊断以及牧场净化等工作。

Abstract:

[Background] Brucellosis, caused by Brucella, is a significant zoonotic disease distributed and prevalent widely in many countries around the world. As an important disease, Brucellosis re-emerged in China in recent years, posing a great challenge to animal breeding industry and public health. Existing data about infection and epidemiology of Brucellosis in China are not comprehensive and systematic, due to the intensive breeding and big populations of animals in the country. [Objective] To better understand the prevalence of Brucellosis in dairy cows in China and to provide basis for the establishment of control measures and strategies. [Methods] Data were obtained and analysed based on the results of surveillance on 23 381 serum samples collected from dairy cows with miscarriage during 2013?2017. [Results] The positive rate of antibody against Brucella was 44.2%. The epidemic situation of Brucellosis in cows in 2015 was most severe, as evidenced by the findings that the highest levels of individual positive rate and group positive rate up to 55.3% and 93.5%, respectively, were detected. The positive rate of Brucellosis among the miscarriage herds in 5 provinces of the first-class Brucellosis epidemic areas ranged from 13.8% to 57.8%, and that in the second-class Brucellosis epidemic areas was between 54.4% and 86.9%. The incidence rate of Brucellosis in aborted dairy cows correlated well with the epidemic trend of human Brucellosis (r=0.806>0). Severe epidemic situation was observed in the second-class Brucellosis epidemic areas. [Conclusion] Our data presented here enhance our understanding of epidemiology of Brucellosis in China, and underscore the importance of nationwide monitoring of animal Brucellosis. In addition, prevention, accurate diagnosis, and elimination of the diseases on the farms should be strengthen in China.