食气梭菌的研究进展

Research progresses in gas-fermenting clostridia

摘要:

食气梭菌是一类主要的化能自养微生物，可利用二氧化碳(CO2)和一氧化碳(CO)合成多种化学品和燃料，具有良好的工业应用前景。天然的食气梭菌吸收、固定和转化一碳气体速率较慢，能量代谢效率低且高值产物种类少。近年来，随着组学、分子遗传学工具以及生化分析技术的快速发展，食气梭菌的生理代谢特点及其相关分子机制、代谢工程设计、改造和发酵工艺等方面都得到广泛而深入的研究。本文针对近年来食气梭菌的研究进展进行了梳理和总结，以期能为这类重要工业微生物的基础和应用研究，以及一碳气体的生物转化利用提供参考。

Abstract:

Gas-fermenting clostridia is a major class of chemoautotrophs that uses CO2 and CO to synthesize a variety of chemicals and fuels, thereby exhibiting good industrial application prospects. Wild-type gas-fermenting Clostridium species are inefficient in gas uptake, fixation and conversion and energy metabolism, and moreover, incompetent to produce high value products. In recent years, with the rapid development of omics, molecular genetic tools and biochemical techniques in gas-fermenting clostridia of which the physiology and metabolism as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, metabolic design and engineering, and fermentation technologies have been widely studied. Here, we review the latest research progresses in gas-fermenting clostridia to provide information on these industrial microorganisms and bio-utilization of one-carbon gases.