不同基质栽培的猴头菌子实体多糖理化性质和体外免疫活性

Physicochemical properties and in vitro immunological activities of polysaccharides from different matrix formula of Hericium erinaceus fruiting bodies

摘要:

【背景】猴头菌多糖是猴头菌(Hericium erinaceus)中主要的活性成分，具有提高免疫力、抗肿瘤、降血糖、抗突变、抗衰老等多种功效。目前对于猴头菌多糖的研究主要集中在结构分析上，有关不同基质栽培对于猴头菌子实体多糖理化性质的影响鲜见报道。【目的】研究不同基质栽培的猴头菌子实体多糖的理化性质和体外免疫活性，筛选出高产优质猴头菌的栽培配方。【方法】采用7种不同配方的基质经工厂化栽培获得不同的猴头菌子实体，对其子实体产量和粗多糖含量进行统计和分析测定，并对7种不同基质栽培获得的猴头菌子实体多糖的分子量分布及单糖组成等理化特征进行分析，比较其对刺激RAW264.7巨噬细胞株释放NO的差异。【结果】综合各项指标表明，配方2 (木屑30%，玉米芯40%，棉籽壳15%，玉米粉2%，麸皮6%，米糠5%，石膏1%，石灰1%)和配方7 (玉米芯39%，棉籽壳10%，麸皮10%，米糠30%，大豆皮5%，甜菜渣4%，碳酸钙2%)栽培获得的猴头菌子实体具有较高的多糖含量和活性。【结论】所选配方适合作为栽培猴头菌深加工原料的培养基质。

Abstract:

[Background] Polysaccharide is one of the main substances in Hericium erinaceus and is commonly used in the treatment of neurasthenia, tumors, and digestive diseases like gastritis and ulcers. At present, studies on polysaccharides from H. erinaceus mainly focus on the structural analysis, but few on the effects of different substrates on the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides from the fruit bodies. [Objective] The physicochemical properties and in vitro immune activity of polysaccharides from fruit bodies of H. erinaceus cultivated on different substrates were studied to select the better cultivation formula of H. erinaceus with high yield and good quality. [Methods] Different fruiting bodies of H. erinaceus were obtained by industrial cultivation with seven different formulations of substrates. The yield of fruit bodies and the content of crude polysaccharides were analyzed and determined. The physicochemical characteristics such as molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides of H. erinaceus fruiting bodies obtained from seven different substrate cultures were analyzed, and the differences in NO release from RAW264.7 macrophage cell strains were compared. [Results] All indicators showed that the formula 2 (sawdust 30%, corncob 40%, cottonseed shell 15%, corn flour 2%, wheat bran 6%, rice bran 5%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%) and formula 7 (corn cob 39%, cottonseed shells 10%, wheat bran 10%, rice bran 30%, soybean bran 5%, beet residue 4%, calcium carbonate 2%) can be considered as excellent, efficient and high quality cultivation compared with other formulations of culture substrates. [Conclusion] The selected culture formulas are suitable for the cultivation fruiting body of the deep processed raw materials for H. erinaceus.