植物病原真菌的菌核研究进展

Sclerotia of plant pathogenic fungi

摘要:

真菌菌核是相关真菌在特殊环境下由营养体菌丝交织和聚集形成的具有抵御恶劣环境能力的休眠结构，在真菌生活史及病原真菌的病害循环中具有重要的生物学和生态学意义。许多引起严重植物病害的病原真菌能够形成菌核，这类真菌通过菌核度过逆境。菌核在适宜条件下萌发形成子囊盘和孢子或菌丝，造成植物的侵染。本文从形成菌核的真菌种类、生物学特性、黑色素及分子生物学等方面进行综述，旨在为深入研究真菌菌核及其在真菌学、植物病理学及药用真菌学等领域应用提供研究思路和参考依据。

Abstract:

Fungal sclerotium is a dormant structure formed by the branching, interweaving and aggregation of hyphae under the adverse environments, which plays crucially biological and ecological roles in the fungal life cycle and disease cycle. Many devastating plant pathogenic fungi form sclerotia, by which the fungi survive through the adverse environments. Sclerotia germinate and produce apothecia and spores or hyphae that subsequently cause plant infection. Herein, species diversity, biological characterization, melanization, and molecular regulation of sclerotium-forming fungi were comprehensively summarized to provide novel potentials of fungal sclerotia in mycology, plant pathology, and medicinal mycology.